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Split cost-based backward references in its own file.

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Change-Id: I4d8281e69b0e41f7c90337e5be70a6c65b044086
This commit is contained in:
Vincent Rabaud 2017-06-01 15:07:28 +02:00
parent 498cad34be
commit b903b80c30
8 changed files with 838 additions and 790 deletions
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1
Android.mk
View File

@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ dsp_enc_srcs := \
enc_srcs := \
src/enc/alpha_enc.c \
src/enc/analysis_enc.c \
src/enc/backward_references_cost_enc.c \
src/enc/backward_references_enc.c \
src/enc/config_enc.c \
src/enc/cost_enc.c \

1
Makefile.vc
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@ -283,6 +283,7 @@ EX_UTIL_OBJS = \
ENC_OBJS = \
$(DIROBJ)\enc\alpha_enc.obj \
$(DIROBJ)\enc\analysis_enc.obj \
$(DIROBJ)\enc\backward_references_cost_enc.obj \
$(DIROBJ)\enc\backward_references_enc.obj \
$(DIROBJ)\enc\config_enc.obj \
$(DIROBJ)\enc\cost_enc.obj \

1
build.gradle
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@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ model {
srcDir "src/enc"
include "alpha_enc.c"
include "analysis_enc.c"
include "backward_references_cost_enc.c"
include "backward_references_enc.c"
include "config_enc.c"
include "cost_enc.c"

1
makefile.unix
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@ -201,6 +201,7 @@ DSP_ENC_OBJS = \
ENC_OBJS = \
src/enc/alpha_enc.o \
src/enc/analysis_enc.o \
src/enc/backward_references_cost_enc.o \
src/enc/backward_references_enc.o \
src/enc/config_enc.o \
src/enc/cost_enc.o \

1
src/enc/Makefile.am
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@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ noinst_LTLIBRARIES = libwebpencode.la
libwebpencode_la_SOURCES =
libwebpencode_la_SOURCES += alpha_enc.c
libwebpencode_la_SOURCES += analysis_enc.c
libwebpencode_la_SOURCES += backward_references_cost_enc.c
libwebpencode_la_SOURCES += backward_references_enc.c
libwebpencode_la_SOURCES += backward_references_enc.h
libwebpencode_la_SOURCES += config_enc.c

782
src/enc/backward_references_cost_enc.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,782 @@
// Copyright 2017 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
// that can be found in the COPYING file in the root of the source
// tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
// in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may
// be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Improves a given set of backward references by analyzing its bit cost.
// The algorithm is similar to the Zopfli compression algorithm but tailored to
// images.
//
// Author: Vincent Rabaud (vrabaud@google.com)
//
#include <assert.h>
#include "./backward_references_enc.h"
#include "./histogram_enc.h"
#include "../dsp/lossless_common.h"
#include "../utils/color_cache_utils.h"
#include "../utils/utils.h"
#define VALUES_IN_BYTE 256
extern void VP8LClearBackwardRefs(VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs);
extern int VP8LDistanceToPlaneCode(int xsize, int dist);
extern void VP8LBackwardRefsCursorAdd(VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs,
const PixOrCopy v);
typedef struct {
double alpha_[VALUES_IN_BYTE];
double red_[VALUES_IN_BYTE];
double blue_[VALUES_IN_BYTE];
double distance_[NUM_DISTANCE_CODES];
double* literal_;
} CostModel;
static void ConvertPopulationCountTableToBitEstimates(
int num_symbols, const uint32_t population_counts[], double output[]) {
uint32_t sum = 0;
int nonzeros = 0;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < num_symbols; ++i) {
sum += population_counts[i];
if (population_counts[i] > 0) {
++nonzeros;
}
}
if (nonzeros <= 1) {
memset(output, 0, num_symbols * sizeof(*output));
} else {
const double logsum = VP8LFastLog2(sum);
for (i = 0; i < num_symbols; ++i) {
output[i] = logsum - VP8LFastLog2(population_counts[i]);
}
}
}
static int CostModelBuild(CostModel* const m, int cache_bits,
const VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs) {
int ok = 0;
VP8LHistogram* const histo = VP8LAllocateHistogram(cache_bits);
if (histo == NULL) goto Error;
VP8LHistogramCreate(histo, refs, cache_bits);
ConvertPopulationCountTableToBitEstimates(
VP8LHistogramNumCodes(histo->palette_code_bits_),
histo->literal_, m->literal_);
ConvertPopulationCountTableToBitEstimates(
VALUES_IN_BYTE, histo->red_, m->red_);
ConvertPopulationCountTableToBitEstimates(
VALUES_IN_BYTE, histo->blue_, m->blue_);
ConvertPopulationCountTableToBitEstimates(
VALUES_IN_BYTE, histo->alpha_, m->alpha_);
ConvertPopulationCountTableToBitEstimates(
NUM_DISTANCE_CODES, histo->distance_, m->distance_);
ok = 1;
Error:
VP8LFreeHistogram(histo);
return ok;
}
static WEBP_INLINE double GetLiteralCost(const CostModel* const m, uint32_t v) {
return m->alpha_[v >> 24] +
m->red_[(v >> 16) & 0xff] +
m->literal_[(v >> 8) & 0xff] +
m->blue_[v & 0xff];
}
static WEBP_INLINE double GetCacheCost(const CostModel* const m, uint32_t idx) {
const int literal_idx = VALUES_IN_BYTE + NUM_LENGTH_CODES + idx;
return m->literal_[literal_idx];
}
static WEBP_INLINE double GetLengthCost(const CostModel* const m,
uint32_t length) {
int code, extra_bits;
VP8LPrefixEncodeBits(length, &code, &extra_bits);
return m->literal_[VALUES_IN_BYTE + code] + extra_bits;
}
static WEBP_INLINE double GetDistanceCost(const CostModel* const m,
uint32_t distance) {
int code, extra_bits;
VP8LPrefixEncodeBits(distance, &code, &extra_bits);
return m->distance_[code] + extra_bits;
}
static WEBP_INLINE void AddSingleLiteralWithCostModel(
const uint32_t* const argb, VP8LColorCache* const hashers,
const CostModel* const cost_model, int idx, int use_color_cache,
float prev_cost, float* const cost, uint16_t* const dist_array) {
double cost_val = prev_cost;
const uint32_t color = argb[idx];
const int ix = use_color_cache ? VP8LColorCacheContains(hashers, color) : -1;
if (ix >= 0) {
// use_color_cache is true and hashers contains color
const double mul0 = 0.68;
cost_val += GetCacheCost(cost_model, ix) * mul0;
} else {
const double mul1 = 0.82;
if (use_color_cache) VP8LColorCacheInsert(hashers, color);
cost_val += GetLiteralCost(cost_model, color) * mul1;
}
if (cost[idx] > cost_val) {
cost[idx] = (float)cost_val;
dist_array[idx] = 1; // only one is inserted.
}
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CostManager and interval handling
// Empirical value to avoid high memory consumption but good for performance.
#define COST_CACHE_INTERVAL_SIZE_MAX 500
// To perform backward reference every pixel at index index_ is considered and
// the cost for the MAX_LENGTH following pixels computed. Those following pixels
// at index index_ + k (k from 0 to MAX_LENGTH) have a cost of:
// cost_ = distance cost at index + GetLengthCost(cost_model, k)
// and the minimum value is kept. GetLengthCost(cost_model, k) is cached in an
// array of size MAX_LENGTH.
// Instead of performing MAX_LENGTH comparisons per pixel, we keep track of the
// minimal values using intervals of constant cost.
// An interval is defined by the index_ of the pixel that generated it and
// is only useful in a range of indices from start_ to end_ (exclusive), i.e.
// it contains the minimum value for pixels between start_ and end_.
// Intervals are stored in a linked list and ordered by start_. When a new
// interval has a better value, old intervals are split or removed. There are
// therefore no overlapping intervals.
typedef struct CostInterval CostInterval;
struct CostInterval {
float cost_;
int start_;
int end_;
int index_;
CostInterval* previous_;
CostInterval* next_;
};
// The GetLengthCost(cost_model, k) are cached in a CostCacheInterval.
typedef struct {
double cost_;
int start_;
int end_; // Exclusive.
} CostCacheInterval;
// This structure is in charge of managing intervals and costs.
// It caches the different CostCacheInterval, caches the different
// GetLengthCost(cost_model, k) in cost_cache_ and the CostInterval's (whose
// count_ is limited by COST_CACHE_INTERVAL_SIZE_MAX).
#define COST_MANAGER_MAX_FREE_LIST 10
typedef struct {
CostInterval* head_;
int count_; // The number of stored intervals.
CostCacheInterval* cache_intervals_;
size_t cache_intervals_size_;
double cost_cache_[MAX_LENGTH]; // Contains the GetLengthCost(cost_model, k).
float* costs_;
uint16_t* dist_array_;
// Most of the time, we only need few intervals -> use a free-list, to avoid
// fragmentation with small allocs in most common cases.
CostInterval intervals_[COST_MANAGER_MAX_FREE_LIST];
CostInterval* free_intervals_;
// These are regularly malloc'd remains. This list can't grow larger than than
// size COST_CACHE_INTERVAL_SIZE_MAX - COST_MANAGER_MAX_FREE_LIST, note.
CostInterval* recycled_intervals_;
} CostManager;
static void CostIntervalAddToFreeList(CostManager* const manager,
CostInterval* const interval) {
interval->next_ = manager->free_intervals_;
manager->free_intervals_ = interval;
}
static int CostIntervalIsInFreeList(const CostManager* const manager,
const CostInterval* const interval) {
return (interval >= &manager->intervals_[0] &&
interval <= &manager->intervals_[COST_MANAGER_MAX_FREE_LIST - 1]);
}
static void CostManagerInitFreeList(CostManager* const manager) {
int i;
manager->free_intervals_ = NULL;
for (i = 0; i < COST_MANAGER_MAX_FREE_LIST; ++i) {
CostIntervalAddToFreeList(manager, &manager->intervals_[i]);
}
}
static void DeleteIntervalList(CostManager* const manager,
const CostInterval* interval) {
while (interval != NULL) {
const CostInterval* const next = interval->next_;
if (!CostIntervalIsInFreeList(manager, interval)) {
WebPSafeFree((void*)interval);
} // else: do nothing
interval = next;
}
}
static void CostManagerClear(CostManager* const manager) {
if (manager == NULL) return;
WebPSafeFree(manager->costs_);
WebPSafeFree(manager->cache_intervals_);
// Clear the interval lists.
DeleteIntervalList(manager, manager->head_);
manager->head_ = NULL;
DeleteIntervalList(manager, manager->recycled_intervals_);
manager->recycled_intervals_ = NULL;
// Reset pointers, count_ and cache_intervals_size_.
memset(manager, 0, sizeof(*manager));
CostManagerInitFreeList(manager);
}
static int CostManagerInit(CostManager* const manager,
uint16_t* const dist_array, int pix_count,
const CostModel* const cost_model) {
int i;
const int cost_cache_size = (pix_count > MAX_LENGTH) ? MAX_LENGTH : pix_count;
manager->costs_ = NULL;
manager->cache_intervals_ = NULL;
manager->head_ = NULL;
manager->recycled_intervals_ = NULL;
manager->count_ = 0;
manager->dist_array_ = dist_array;
CostManagerInitFreeList(manager);
// Fill in the cost_cache_.
manager->cache_intervals_size_ = 1;
manager->cost_cache_[0] = GetLengthCost(cost_model, 0);
for (i = 1; i < cost_cache_size; ++i) {
manager->cost_cache_[i] = GetLengthCost(cost_model, i);
// Get the number of bound intervals.
if (manager->cost_cache_[i] != manager->cost_cache_[i - 1]) {
++manager->cache_intervals_size_;
}
}
// With the current cost model, we usually have below 20 intervals.
// The worst case scenario with a cost model would be if every length has a
// different cost, hence MAX_LENGTH but that is impossible with the current
// implementation that spirals around a pixel.
assert(manager->cache_intervals_size_ <= MAX_LENGTH);
manager->cache_intervals_ = (CostCacheInterval*)WebPSafeMalloc(
manager->cache_intervals_size_, sizeof(*manager->cache_intervals_));
if (manager->cache_intervals_ == NULL) {
CostManagerClear(manager);
return 0;
}
// Fill in the cache_intervals_.
{
CostCacheInterval* cur = manager->cache_intervals_;
// Consecutive values in cost_cache_ are compared and if a big enough
// difference is found, a new interval is created and bounded.
cur->start_ = 0;
cur->end_ = 1;
cur->cost_ = manager->cost_cache_[0];
for (i = 1; i < cost_cache_size; ++i) {
const double cost_val = manager->cost_cache_[i];
if (cost_val != cur->cost_) {
++cur;
// Initialize an interval.
cur->start_ = i;
cur->cost_ = cost_val;
}
cur->end_ = i + 1;
}
}
manager->costs_ = (float*)WebPSafeMalloc(pix_count, sizeof(*manager->costs_));
if (manager->costs_ == NULL) {
CostManagerClear(manager);
return 0;
}
// Set the initial costs_ high for every pixel as we will keep the minimum.
for (i = 0; i < pix_count; ++i) manager->costs_[i] = 1e38f;
return 1;
}
// Given the cost and the position that define an interval, update the cost at
// pixel 'i' if it is smaller than the previously computed value.
static WEBP_INLINE void UpdateCost(CostManager* const manager, int i,
int position, float cost) {
const int k = i - position;
assert(k >= 0 && k < MAX_LENGTH);
if (manager->costs_[i] > cost) {
manager->costs_[i] = cost;
manager->dist_array_[i] = k + 1;
}
}
// Given the cost and the position that define an interval, update the cost for
// all the pixels between 'start' and 'end' excluded.
static WEBP_INLINE void UpdateCostPerInterval(CostManager* const manager,
int start, int end, int position,
float cost) {
int i;
for (i = start; i < end; ++i) UpdateCost(manager, i, position, cost);
}
// Given two intervals, make 'prev' be the previous one of 'next' in 'manager'.
static WEBP_INLINE void ConnectIntervals(CostManager* const manager,
CostInterval* const prev,
CostInterval* const next) {
if (prev != NULL) {
prev->next_ = next;
} else {
manager->head_ = next;
}
if (next != NULL) next->previous_ = prev;
}
// Pop an interval in the manager.
static WEBP_INLINE void PopInterval(CostManager* const manager,
CostInterval* const interval) {
if (interval == NULL) return;
ConnectIntervals(manager, interval->previous_, interval->next_);
if (CostIntervalIsInFreeList(manager, interval)) {
CostIntervalAddToFreeList(manager, interval);
} else { // recycle regularly malloc'd intervals too
interval->next_ = manager->recycled_intervals_;
manager->recycled_intervals_ = interval;
}
--manager->count_;
assert(manager->count_ >= 0);
}
// Update the cost at index i by going over all the stored intervals that
// overlap with i.
// If 'do_clean_intervals' is set to something different than 0, intervals that
// end before 'i' will be popped.
static WEBP_INLINE void UpdateCostAtIndex(CostManager* const manager, int i,
int do_clean_intervals) {
CostInterval* current = manager->head_;
while (current != NULL && current->start_ <= i) {
CostInterval* const next = current->next_;
if (current->end_ <= i) {
if (do_clean_intervals) {
// We have an outdated interval, remove it.
PopInterval(manager, current);
}
} else {
UpdateCost(manager, i, current->index_, current->cost_);
}
current = next;
}
}
// Given a current orphan interval and its previous interval, before
// it was orphaned (which can be NULL), set it at the right place in the list
// of intervals using the start_ ordering and the previous interval as a hint.
static WEBP_INLINE void PositionOrphanInterval(CostManager* const manager,
CostInterval* const current,
CostInterval* previous) {
assert(current != NULL);
if (previous == NULL) previous = manager->head_;
while (previous != NULL && current->start_ < previous->start_) {
previous = previous->previous_;
}
while (previous != NULL && previous->next_ != NULL &&
previous->next_->start_ < current->start_) {
previous = previous->next_;
}
if (previous != NULL) {
ConnectIntervals(manager, current, previous->next_);
} else {
ConnectIntervals(manager, current, manager->head_);
}
ConnectIntervals(manager, previous, current);
}
// Insert an interval in the list contained in the manager by starting at
// interval_in as a hint. The intervals are sorted by start_ value.
static WEBP_INLINE void InsertInterval(CostManager* const manager,
CostInterval* const interval_in,
float cost, int position, int start,
int end) {
CostInterval* interval_new;
if (start >= end) return;
if (manager->count_ >= COST_CACHE_INTERVAL_SIZE_MAX) {
// Serialize the interval if we cannot store it.
UpdateCostPerInterval(manager, start, end, position, cost);
return;
}
if (manager->free_intervals_ != NULL) {
interval_new = manager->free_intervals_;
manager->free_intervals_ = interval_new->next_;
} else if (manager->recycled_intervals_ != NULL) {
interval_new = manager->recycled_intervals_;
manager->recycled_intervals_ = interval_new->next_;
} else { // malloc for good
interval_new = (CostInterval*)WebPSafeMalloc(1, sizeof(*interval_new));
if (interval_new == NULL) {
// Write down the interval if we cannot create it.
UpdateCostPerInterval(manager, start, end, position, cost);
return;
}
}
interval_new->cost_ = cost;
interval_new->index_ = position;
interval_new->start_ = start;
interval_new->end_ = end;
PositionOrphanInterval(manager, interval_new, interval_in);
++manager->count_;
}
// Given a new cost interval defined by its start at position, its length value
// and distance_cost, add its contributions to the previous intervals and costs.
// If handling the interval or one of its subintervals becomes to heavy, its
// contribution is added to the costs right away.
static WEBP_INLINE void PushInterval(CostManager* const manager,
double distance_cost, int position,
int len) {
size_t i;
CostInterval* interval = manager->head_;
CostInterval* interval_next;
const CostCacheInterval* const cost_cache_intervals =
manager->cache_intervals_;
// If the interval is small enough, no need to deal with the heavy
// interval logic, just serialize it right away. This constant is empirical.
const int kSkipDistance = 10;
if (len < kSkipDistance) {
int j;
for (j = position; j < position + len; ++j) {
const int k = j - position;
float cost_tmp;
assert(k >= 0 && k < MAX_LENGTH);
cost_tmp = (float)(distance_cost + manager->cost_cache_[k]);
if (manager->costs_[j] > cost_tmp) {
manager->costs_[j] = cost_tmp;
manager->dist_array_[j] = k + 1;
}
}
return;
}
for (i = 0; i < manager->cache_intervals_size_ &&
cost_cache_intervals[i].start_ < len;
++i) {
// Define the intersection of the ith interval with the new one.
int start = position + cost_cache_intervals[i].start_;
const int end = position + (cost_cache_intervals[i].end_ > len
? len
: cost_cache_intervals[i].end_);
const float cost = (float)(distance_cost + cost_cache_intervals[i].cost_);
for (; interval != NULL && interval->start_ < end;
interval = interval_next) {
interval_next = interval->next_;
// Make sure we have some overlap
if (start >= interval->end_) continue;
if (cost >= interval->cost_) {
// When intervals are represented, the lower, the better.
// [**********************************************************[
// start end
// [----------------------------------[
// interval->start_ interval->end_
// If we are worse than what we already have, add whatever we have so
// far up to interval.
const int start_new = interval->end_;
InsertInterval(manager, interval, cost, position, start,
interval->start_);
start = start_new;
if (start >= end) break;
continue;
}
if (start <= interval->start_) {
if (interval->end_ <= end) {
// [----------------------------------[
// interval->start_ interval->end_
// [**************************************************************[
// start end
// We can safely remove the old interval as it is fully included.
PopInterval(manager, interval);
} else {
// [------------------------------------[
// interval->start_ interval->end_
// [*****************************[
// start end
interval->start_ = end;
break;
}
} else {
if (end < interval->end_) {
// [--------------------------------------------------------------[
// interval->start_ interval->end_
// [*****************************[
// start end
// We have to split the old interval as it fully contains the new one.
const int end_original = interval->end_;
interval->end_ = start;
InsertInterval(manager, interval, interval->cost_, interval->index_,
end, end_original);
interval = interval->next_;
break;
} else {
// [------------------------------------[
// interval->start_ interval->end_
// [*****************************[
// start end
interval->end_ = start;
}
}
}
// Insert the remaining interval from start to end.
InsertInterval(manager, interval, cost, position, start, end);
}
}
static int BackwardReferencesHashChainDistanceOnly(
int xsize, int ysize, const uint32_t* const argb, int cache_bits,
const VP8LHashChain* const hash_chain, const VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs,
uint16_t* const dist_array) {
int i;
int ok = 0;
int cc_init = 0;
const int pix_count = xsize * ysize;
const int use_color_cache = (cache_bits > 0);
const size_t literal_array_size =
sizeof(double) * (NUM_LITERAL_CODES + NUM_LENGTH_CODES +
((cache_bits > 0) ? (1 << cache_bits) : 0));
const size_t cost_model_size = sizeof(CostModel) + literal_array_size;
CostModel* const cost_model =
(CostModel*)WebPSafeCalloc(1ULL, cost_model_size);
VP8LColorCache hashers;
CostManager* cost_manager =
(CostManager*)WebPSafeMalloc(1ULL, sizeof(*cost_manager));
int offset_prev = -1, len_prev = -1;
double offset_cost = -1;
int first_offset_is_constant = -1; // initialized with 'impossible' value
int reach = 0;
if (cost_model == NULL || cost_manager == NULL) goto Error;
cost_model->literal_ = (double*)(cost_model + 1);
if (use_color_cache) {
cc_init = VP8LColorCacheInit(&hashers, cache_bits);
if (!cc_init) goto Error;
}
if (!CostModelBuild(cost_model, cache_bits, refs)) {
goto Error;
}
if (!CostManagerInit(cost_manager, dist_array, pix_count, cost_model)) {
goto Error;
}
// We loop one pixel at a time, but store all currently best points to
// non-processed locations from this point.
dist_array[0] = 0;
// Add first pixel as literal.
AddSingleLiteralWithCostModel(argb, &hashers, cost_model, 0, use_color_cache,
0.f, cost_manager->costs_, dist_array);
for (i = 1; i < pix_count; ++i) {
const float prev_cost = cost_manager->costs_[i - 1];
int offset, len;
VP8LHashChainFindCopy(hash_chain, i, &offset, &len);
// Try adding the pixel as a literal.
AddSingleLiteralWithCostModel(argb, &hashers, cost_model, i,
use_color_cache, prev_cost,
cost_manager->costs_, dist_array);
// If we are dealing with a non-literal.
if (len >= 2) {
if (offset != offset_prev) {
const int code = VP8LDistanceToPlaneCode(xsize, offset);
offset_cost = GetDistanceCost(cost_model, code);
first_offset_is_constant = 1;
PushInterval(cost_manager, prev_cost + offset_cost, i, len);
} else {
assert(offset_cost >= 0);
assert(len_prev >= 0);
assert(first_offset_is_constant == 0 || first_offset_is_constant == 1);
// Instead of considering all contributions from a pixel i by calling:
// PushInterval(cost_manager, prev_cost + offset_cost, i, len);
// we optimize these contributions in case offset_cost stays the same
// for consecutive pixels. This describes a set of pixels similar to a
// previous set (e.g. constant color regions).
if (first_offset_is_constant) {
reach = i - 1 + len_prev - 1;
first_offset_is_constant = 0;
}
if (i + len - 1 > reach) {
// We can only be go further with the same offset if the previous
// length was maxed, hence len_prev == len == MAX_LENGTH.
// TODO(vrabaud), bump i to the end right away (insert cache and
// update cost).
// TODO(vrabaud), check if one of the points in between does not have
// a lower cost.
// Already consider the pixel at "reach" to add intervals that are
// better than whatever we add.
int offset_j, len_j = 0;
int j;
assert(len == MAX_LENGTH);
// Figure out the last consecutive pixel within [i, reach + 1] with
// the same offset.
for (j = i; j <= reach; ++j) {
VP8LHashChainFindCopy(hash_chain, j + 1, &offset_j, &len_j);
if (offset_j != offset) {
VP8LHashChainFindCopy(hash_chain, j, &offset_j, &len_j);
break;
}
}
// Update the cost at j - 1 and j.
UpdateCostAtIndex(cost_manager, j - 1, 0);
UpdateCostAtIndex(cost_manager, j, 0);
PushInterval(cost_manager, cost_manager->costs_[j - 1] + offset_cost,
j, len_j);
reach = j + len_j - 1;
}
}
}
UpdateCostAtIndex(cost_manager, i, 1);
offset_prev = offset;
len_prev = len;
}
ok = !refs->error_;
Error:
if (cc_init) VP8LColorCacheClear(&hashers);
CostManagerClear(cost_manager);
WebPSafeFree(cost_model);
WebPSafeFree(cost_manager);
return ok;
}
// We pack the path at the end of *dist_array and return
// a pointer to this part of the array. Example:
// dist_array = [1x2xx3x2] => packed [1x2x1232], chosen_path = [1232]
static void TraceBackwards(uint16_t* const dist_array,
int dist_array_size,
uint16_t** const chosen_path,
int* const chosen_path_size) {
uint16_t* path = dist_array + dist_array_size;
uint16_t* cur = dist_array + dist_array_size - 1;
while (cur >= dist_array) {
const int k = *cur;
--path;
*path = k;
cur -= k;
}
*chosen_path = path;
*chosen_path_size = (int)(dist_array + dist_array_size - path);
}
static int BackwardReferencesHashChainFollowChosenPath(
const uint32_t* const argb, int cache_bits,
const uint16_t* const chosen_path, int chosen_path_size,
const VP8LHashChain* const hash_chain, VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs) {
const int use_color_cache = (cache_bits > 0);
int ix;
int i = 0;
int ok = 0;
int cc_init = 0;
VP8LColorCache hashers;
if (use_color_cache) {
cc_init = VP8LColorCacheInit(&hashers, cache_bits);
if (!cc_init) goto Error;
}
VP8LClearBackwardRefs(refs);
for (ix = 0; ix < chosen_path_size; ++ix) {
const int len = chosen_path[ix];
if (len != 1) {
int k;
const int offset = VP8LHashChainFindOffset(hash_chain, i);
VP8LBackwardRefsCursorAdd(refs, PixOrCopyCreateCopy(offset, len));
if (use_color_cache) {
for (k = 0; k < len; ++k) {
VP8LColorCacheInsert(&hashers, argb[i + k]);
}
}
i += len;
} else {
PixOrCopy v;
const int idx =
use_color_cache ? VP8LColorCacheContains(&hashers, argb[i]) : -1;
if (idx >= 0) {
// use_color_cache is true and hashers contains argb[i]
// push pixel as a color cache index
v = PixOrCopyCreateCacheIdx(idx);
} else {
if (use_color_cache) VP8LColorCacheInsert(&hashers, argb[i]);
v = PixOrCopyCreateLiteral(argb[i]);
}
VP8LBackwardRefsCursorAdd(refs, v);
++i;
}
}
ok = !refs->error_;
Error:
if (cc_init) VP8LColorCacheClear(&hashers);
return ok;
}
// Returns 1 on success.
extern int VP8LBackwardReferencesTraceBackwards(
int xsize, int ysize, const uint32_t* const argb, int cache_bits,
const VP8LHashChain* const hash_chain,
const VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs_src, VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs_dst);
int VP8LBackwardReferencesTraceBackwards(int xsize, int ysize,
const uint32_t* const argb,
int cache_bits,
const VP8LHashChain* const hash_chain,
const VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs_src,
VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs_dst) {
int ok = 0;
const int dist_array_size = xsize * ysize;
uint16_t* chosen_path = NULL;
int chosen_path_size = 0;
uint16_t* dist_array =
(uint16_t*)WebPSafeMalloc(dist_array_size, sizeof(*dist_array));
if (dist_array == NULL) goto Error;
if (!BackwardReferencesHashChainDistanceOnly(
xsize, ysize, argb, cache_bits, hash_chain, refs_src, dist_array)) {
goto Error;
}
TraceBackwards(dist_array, dist_array_size, &chosen_path, &chosen_path_size);
if (!BackwardReferencesHashChainFollowChosenPath(
argb, cache_bits, chosen_path, chosen_path_size, hash_chain,
refs_dst)) {
goto Error;
}
ok = 1;
Error:
WebPSafeFree(dist_array);
return ok;
}

814
src/enc/backward_references_enc.c
View File

@ -21,8 +21,6 @@
#include "../utils/color_cache_utils.h"
#include "../utils/utils.h"
#define VALUES_IN_BYTE 256
#define MIN_BLOCK_SIZE 256 // minimum block size for backward references
#define MAX_ENTROPY (1e30f)
@ -34,14 +32,6 @@
// Minimum number of pixels for which it is cheaper to encode a
// distance + length instead of each pixel as a literal.
#define MIN_LENGTH 4
// If you change this, you need MAX_LENGTH_BITS + WINDOW_SIZE_BITS <= 32 as it
// is used in VP8LHashChain.
#define MAX_LENGTH_BITS 12
// We want the max value to be attainable and stored in MAX_LENGTH_BITS bits.
#define MAX_LENGTH ((1 << MAX_LENGTH_BITS) - 1)
#if MAX_LENGTH_BITS + WINDOW_SIZE_BITS > 32
#error "MAX_LENGTH_BITS + WINDOW_SIZE_BITS > 32"
#endif
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -56,7 +46,8 @@ static const uint8_t plane_to_code_lut[128] = {
119, 116, 111, 106, 97, 88, 84, 74, 72, 75, 85, 89, 98, 107, 112, 117
};
static int DistanceToPlaneCode(int xsize, int dist) {
extern int VP8LDistanceToPlaneCode(int xsize, int dist);
int VP8LDistanceToPlaneCode(int xsize, int dist) {
const int yoffset = dist / xsize;
const int xoffset = dist - yoffset * xsize;
if (xoffset <= 8 && yoffset < 8) {
@ -91,7 +82,8 @@ struct PixOrCopyBlock {
int size_; // currently used size
};
static void ClearBackwardRefs(VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs) {
extern void VP8LClearBackwardRefs(VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs);
void VP8LClearBackwardRefs(VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs) {
assert(refs != NULL);
if (refs->tail_ != NULL) {
*refs->tail_ = refs->free_blocks_; // recycle all blocks at once
@ -104,7 +96,7 @@ static void ClearBackwardRefs(VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs) {
void VP8LBackwardRefsClear(VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs) {
assert(refs != NULL);
ClearBackwardRefs(refs);
VP8LClearBackwardRefs(refs);
while (refs->free_blocks_ != NULL) {
PixOrCopyBlock* const next = refs->free_blocks_->next_;
WebPSafeFree(refs->free_blocks_);
@ -163,8 +155,10 @@ static PixOrCopyBlock* BackwardRefsNewBlock(VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs) {
return b;
}
static WEBP_INLINE void BackwardRefsCursorAdd(VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs,
const PixOrCopy v) {
extern void VP8LBackwardRefsCursorAdd(VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs,
const PixOrCopy v);
WEBP_INLINE void VP8LBackwardRefsCursorAdd(VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs,
const PixOrCopy v) {
PixOrCopyBlock* b = refs->last_block_;
if (b == NULL || b->size_ == refs->block_size_) {
b = BackwardRefsNewBlock(refs);
@ -396,24 +390,6 @@ int VP8LHashChainFill(VP8LHashChain* const p, int quality,
return 1;
}
static WEBP_INLINE int HashChainFindOffset(const VP8LHashChain* const p,
const int base_position) {
return p->offset_length_[base_position] >> MAX_LENGTH_BITS;
}
static WEBP_INLINE int HashChainFindLength(const VP8LHashChain* const p,
const int base_position) {
return p->offset_length_[base_position] & ((1U << MAX_LENGTH_BITS) - 1);
}
static WEBP_INLINE void HashChainFindCopy(const VP8LHashChain* const p,
int base_position,
int* const offset_ptr,
int* const length_ptr) {
*offset_ptr = HashChainFindOffset(p, base_position);
*length_ptr = HashChainFindLength(p, base_position);
}
static WEBP_INLINE void AddSingleLiteral(uint32_t pixel, int use_color_cache,
VP8LColorCache* const hashers,
VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs) {
@ -429,7 +405,7 @@ static WEBP_INLINE void AddSingleLiteral(uint32_t pixel, int use_color_cache,
} else {
v = PixOrCopyCreateLiteral(pixel);
}
BackwardRefsCursorAdd(refs, v);
VP8LBackwardRefsCursorAdd(refs, v);
}
static int BackwardReferencesRle(int xsize, int ysize,
@ -443,7 +419,7 @@ static int BackwardReferencesRle(int xsize, int ysize,
if (use_color_cache && !VP8LColorCacheInit(&hashers, cache_bits)) {
return 0;
}
ClearBackwardRefs(refs);
VP8LClearBackwardRefs(refs);
// Add first pixel as literal.
AddSingleLiteral(argb[0], use_color_cache, &hashers, refs);
i = 1;
@ -453,13 +429,13 @@ static int BackwardReferencesRle(int xsize, int ysize,
const int prev_row_len = (i < xsize) ? 0 :
FindMatchLength(argb + i, argb + i - xsize, 0, max_len);
if (rle_len >= prev_row_len && rle_len >= MIN_LENGTH) {
BackwardRefsCursorAdd(refs, PixOrCopyCreateCopy(1, rle_len));
VP8LBackwardRefsCursorAdd(refs, PixOrCopyCreateCopy(1, rle_len));
// We don't need to update the color cache here since it is always the
// same pixel being copied, and that does not change the color cache
// state.
i += rle_len;
} else if (prev_row_len >= MIN_LENGTH) {
BackwardRefsCursorAdd(refs, PixOrCopyCreateCopy(xsize, prev_row_len));
VP8LBackwardRefsCursorAdd(refs, PixOrCopyCreateCopy(xsize, prev_row_len));
if (use_color_cache) {
for (k = 0; k < prev_row_len; ++k) {
VP8LColorCacheInsert(&hashers, argb[i + k]);
@ -491,13 +467,13 @@ static int BackwardReferencesLz77(int xsize, int ysize,
cc_init = VP8LColorCacheInit(&hashers, cache_bits);
if (!cc_init) goto Error;
}
ClearBackwardRefs(refs);
VP8LClearBackwardRefs(refs);
for (i = 0; i < pix_count;) {
// Alternative#1: Code the pixels starting at 'i' using backward reference.
int offset = 0;
int len = 0;
int j;
HashChainFindCopy(hash_chain, i, &offset, &len);
VP8LHashChainFindCopy(hash_chain, i, &offset, &len);
if (len >= MIN_LENGTH) {
const int len_ini = len;
int max_reach = 0;
@ -511,7 +487,7 @@ static int BackwardReferencesLz77(int xsize, int ysize,
// while we check if we can use:
// [i,j) (where j<=i+len) + [j, length of best match at j)
for (j = i_last_check + 1; j <= i + len_ini; ++j) {
const int len_j = HashChainFindLength(hash_chain, j);
const int len_j = VP8LHashChainFindLength(hash_chain, j);
const int reach =
j + (len_j >= MIN_LENGTH ? len_j : 1); // 1 for single literal.
if (reach > max_reach) {
@ -527,7 +503,7 @@ static int BackwardReferencesLz77(int xsize, int ysize,
if (len == 1) {
AddSingleLiteral(argb[i], use_color_cache, &hashers, refs);
} else {
BackwardRefsCursorAdd(refs, PixOrCopyCreateCopy(offset, len));
VP8LBackwardRefsCursorAdd(refs, PixOrCopyCreateCopy(offset, len));
if (use_color_cache) {
for (j = i; j < i + len; ++j) VP8LColorCacheInsert(&hashers, argb[j]);
}
@ -543,759 +519,13 @@ static int BackwardReferencesLz77(int xsize, int ysize,
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
typedef struct {
double alpha_[VALUES_IN_BYTE];
double red_[VALUES_IN_BYTE];
double blue_[VALUES_IN_BYTE];
double distance_[NUM_DISTANCE_CODES];
double* literal_;
} CostModel;
static void ConvertPopulationCountTableToBitEstimates(
int num_symbols, const uint32_t population_counts[], double output[]) {
uint32_t sum = 0;
int nonzeros = 0;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < num_symbols; ++i) {
sum += population_counts[i];
if (population_counts[i] > 0) {
++nonzeros;
}
}
if (nonzeros <= 1) {
memset(output, 0, num_symbols * sizeof(*output));
} else {
const double logsum = VP8LFastLog2(sum);
for (i = 0; i < num_symbols; ++i) {
output[i] = logsum - VP8LFastLog2(population_counts[i]);
}
}
}
static int CostModelBuild(CostModel* const m, int cache_bits,
const VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs) {
int ok = 0;
VP8LHistogram* const histo = VP8LAllocateHistogram(cache_bits);
if (histo == NULL) goto Error;
VP8LHistogramCreate(histo, refs, cache_bits);
ConvertPopulationCountTableToBitEstimates(
VP8LHistogramNumCodes(histo->palette_code_bits_),
histo->literal_, m->literal_);
ConvertPopulationCountTableToBitEstimates(
VALUES_IN_BYTE, histo->red_, m->red_);
ConvertPopulationCountTableToBitEstimates(
VALUES_IN_BYTE, histo->blue_, m->blue_);
ConvertPopulationCountTableToBitEstimates(
VALUES_IN_BYTE, histo->alpha_, m->alpha_);
ConvertPopulationCountTableToBitEstimates(
NUM_DISTANCE_CODES, histo->distance_, m->distance_);
ok = 1;
Error:
VP8LFreeHistogram(histo);
return ok;
}
static WEBP_INLINE double GetLiteralCost(const CostModel* const m, uint32_t v) {
return m->alpha_[v >> 24] +
m->red_[(v >> 16) & 0xff] +
m->literal_[(v >> 8) & 0xff] +
m->blue_[v & 0xff];
}
static WEBP_INLINE double GetCacheCost(const CostModel* const m, uint32_t idx) {
const int literal_idx = VALUES_IN_BYTE + NUM_LENGTH_CODES + idx;
return m->literal_[literal_idx];
}
static WEBP_INLINE double GetLengthCost(const CostModel* const m,
uint32_t length) {
int code, extra_bits;
VP8LPrefixEncodeBits(length, &code, &extra_bits);
return m->literal_[VALUES_IN_BYTE + code] + extra_bits;
}
static WEBP_INLINE double GetDistanceCost(const CostModel* const m,
uint32_t distance) {
int code, extra_bits;
VP8LPrefixEncodeBits(distance, &code, &extra_bits);
return m->distance_[code] + extra_bits;
}
static WEBP_INLINE void AddSingleLiteralWithCostModel(
const uint32_t* const argb, VP8LColorCache* const hashers,
const CostModel* const cost_model, int idx, int use_color_cache,
float prev_cost, float* const cost, uint16_t* const dist_array) {
double cost_val = prev_cost;
const uint32_t color = argb[idx];
const int ix = use_color_cache ? VP8LColorCacheContains(hashers, color) : -1;
if (ix >= 0) {
// use_color_cache is true and hashers contains color
const double mul0 = 0.68;
cost_val += GetCacheCost(cost_model, ix) * mul0;
} else {
const double mul1 = 0.82;
if (use_color_cache) VP8LColorCacheInsert(hashers, color);
cost_val += GetLiteralCost(cost_model, color) * mul1;
}
if (cost[idx] > cost_val) {
cost[idx] = (float)cost_val;
dist_array[idx] = 1; // only one is inserted.
}
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// CostManager and interval handling
// Empirical value to avoid high memory consumption but good for performance.
#define COST_CACHE_INTERVAL_SIZE_MAX 500
// To perform backward reference every pixel at index index_ is considered and
// the cost for the MAX_LENGTH following pixels computed. Those following pixels
// at index index_ + k (k from 0 to MAX_LENGTH) have a cost of:
// cost_ = distance cost at index + GetLengthCost(cost_model, k)
// and the minimum value is kept. GetLengthCost(cost_model, k) is cached in an
// array of size MAX_LENGTH.
// Instead of performing MAX_LENGTH comparisons per pixel, we keep track of the
// minimal values using intervals of constant cost.
// An interval is defined by the index_ of the pixel that generated it and
// is only useful in a range of indices from start_ to end_ (exclusive), i.e.
// it contains the minimum value for pixels between start_ and end_.
// Intervals are stored in a linked list and ordered by start_. When a new
// interval has a better value, old intervals are split or removed. There are
// therefore no overlapping intervals.
typedef struct CostInterval CostInterval;
struct CostInterval {
float cost_;
int start_;
int end_;
int index_;
CostInterval* previous_;
CostInterval* next_;
};
// The GetLengthCost(cost_model, k) are cached in a CostCacheInterval.
typedef struct {
double cost_;
int start_;
int end_; // Exclusive.
} CostCacheInterval;
// This structure is in charge of managing intervals and costs.
// It caches the different CostCacheInterval, caches the different
// GetLengthCost(cost_model, k) in cost_cache_ and the CostInterval's (whose
// count_ is limited by COST_CACHE_INTERVAL_SIZE_MAX).
#define COST_MANAGER_MAX_FREE_LIST 10
typedef struct {
CostInterval* head_;
int count_; // The number of stored intervals.
CostCacheInterval* cache_intervals_;
size_t cache_intervals_size_;
double cost_cache_[MAX_LENGTH]; // Contains the GetLengthCost(cost_model, k).
float* costs_;
uint16_t* dist_array_;
// Most of the time, we only need few intervals -> use a free-list, to avoid
// fragmentation with small allocs in most common cases.
CostInterval intervals_[COST_MANAGER_MAX_FREE_LIST];
CostInterval* free_intervals_;
// These are regularly malloc'd remains. This list can't grow larger than than
// size COST_CACHE_INTERVAL_SIZE_MAX - COST_MANAGER_MAX_FREE_LIST, note.
CostInterval* recycled_intervals_;
} CostManager;
static void CostIntervalAddToFreeList(CostManager* const manager,
CostInterval* const interval) {
interval->next_ = manager->free_intervals_;
manager->free_intervals_ = interval;
}
static int CostIntervalIsInFreeList(const CostManager* const manager,
const CostInterval* const interval) {
return (interval >= &manager->intervals_[0] &&
interval <= &manager->intervals_[COST_MANAGER_MAX_FREE_LIST - 1]);
}
static void CostManagerInitFreeList(CostManager* const manager) {
int i;
manager->free_intervals_ = NULL;
for (i = 0; i < COST_MANAGER_MAX_FREE_LIST; ++i) {
CostIntervalAddToFreeList(manager, &manager->intervals_[i]);
}
}
static void DeleteIntervalList(CostManager* const manager,
const CostInterval* interval) {
while (interval != NULL) {
const CostInterval* const next = interval->next_;
if (!CostIntervalIsInFreeList(manager, interval)) {
WebPSafeFree((void*)interval);
} // else: do nothing
interval = next;
}
}
static void CostManagerClear(CostManager* const manager) {
if (manager == NULL) return;
WebPSafeFree(manager->costs_);
WebPSafeFree(manager->cache_intervals_);
// Clear the interval lists.
DeleteIntervalList(manager, manager->head_);
manager->head_ = NULL;
DeleteIntervalList(manager, manager->recycled_intervals_);
manager->recycled_intervals_ = NULL;
// Reset pointers, count_ and cache_intervals_size_.
memset(manager, 0, sizeof(*manager));
CostManagerInitFreeList(manager);
}
static int CostManagerInit(CostManager* const manager,
uint16_t* const dist_array, int pix_count,
const CostModel* const cost_model) {
int i;
const int cost_cache_size = (pix_count > MAX_LENGTH) ? MAX_LENGTH : pix_count;
manager->costs_ = NULL;
manager->cache_intervals_ = NULL;
manager->head_ = NULL;
manager->recycled_intervals_ = NULL;
manager->count_ = 0;
manager->dist_array_ = dist_array;
CostManagerInitFreeList(manager);
// Fill in the cost_cache_.
manager->cache_intervals_size_ = 1;
manager->cost_cache_[0] = GetLengthCost(cost_model, 0);
for (i = 1; i < cost_cache_size; ++i) {
manager->cost_cache_[i] = GetLengthCost(cost_model, i);
// Get the number of bound intervals.
if (manager->cost_cache_[i] != manager->cost_cache_[i - 1]) {
++manager->cache_intervals_size_;
}
}
// With the current cost model, we usually have below 20 intervals.
// The worst case scenario with a cost model would be if every length has a
// different cost, hence MAX_LENGTH but that is impossible with the current
// implementation that spirals around a pixel.
assert(manager->cache_intervals_size_ <= MAX_LENGTH);
manager->cache_intervals_ = (CostCacheInterval*)WebPSafeMalloc(
manager->cache_intervals_size_, sizeof(*manager->cache_intervals_));
if (manager->cache_intervals_ == NULL) {
CostManagerClear(manager);
return 0;
}
// Fill in the cache_intervals_.
{
CostCacheInterval* cur = manager->cache_intervals_;
// Consecutive values in cost_cache_ are compared and if a big enough
// difference is found, a new interval is created and bounded.
cur->start_ = 0;
cur->end_ = 1;
cur->cost_ = manager->cost_cache_[0];
for (i = 1; i < cost_cache_size; ++i) {
const double cost_val = manager->cost_cache_[i];
if (cost_val != cur->cost_) {
++cur;
// Initialize an interval.
cur->start_ = i;
cur->cost_ = cost_val;
}
cur->end_ = i + 1;
}
}
manager->costs_ = (float*)WebPSafeMalloc(pix_count, sizeof(*manager->costs_));
if (manager->costs_ == NULL) {
CostManagerClear(manager);
return 0;
}
// Set the initial costs_ high for every pixel as we will keep the minimum.
for (i = 0; i < pix_count; ++i) manager->costs_[i] = 1e38f;
return 1;
}
// Given the cost and the position that define an interval, update the cost at
// pixel 'i' if it is smaller than the previously computed value.
static WEBP_INLINE void UpdateCost(CostManager* const manager, int i,
int position, float cost) {
const int k = i - position;
assert(k >= 0 && k < MAX_LENGTH);
if (manager->costs_[i] > cost) {
manager->costs_[i] = cost;
manager->dist_array_[i] = k + 1;
}
}
// Given the cost and the position that define an interval, update the cost for
// all the pixels between 'start' and 'end' excluded.
static WEBP_INLINE void UpdateCostPerInterval(CostManager* const manager,
int start, int end, int position,
float cost) {
int i;
for (i = start; i < end; ++i) UpdateCost(manager, i, position, cost);
}
// Given two intervals, make 'prev' be the previous one of 'next' in 'manager'.
static WEBP_INLINE void ConnectIntervals(CostManager* const manager,
CostInterval* const prev,
CostInterval* const next) {
if (prev != NULL) {
prev->next_ = next;
} else {
manager->head_ = next;
}
if (next != NULL) next->previous_ = prev;
}
// Pop an interval in the manager.
static WEBP_INLINE void PopInterval(CostManager* const manager,
CostInterval* const interval) {
if (interval == NULL) return;
ConnectIntervals(manager, interval->previous_, interval->next_);
if (CostIntervalIsInFreeList(manager, interval)) {
CostIntervalAddToFreeList(manager, interval);
} else { // recycle regularly malloc'd intervals too
interval->next_ = manager->recycled_intervals_;
manager->recycled_intervals_ = interval;
}
--manager->count_;
assert(manager->count_ >= 0);
}
// Update the cost at index i by going over all the stored intervals that
// overlap with i.
// If 'do_clean_intervals' is set to something different than 0, intervals that
// end before 'i' will be popped.
static WEBP_INLINE void UpdateCostAtIndex(CostManager* const manager, int i,
int do_clean_intervals) {
CostInterval* current = manager->head_;
while (current != NULL && current->start_ <= i) {
CostInterval* const next = current->next_;
if (current->end_ <= i) {
if (do_clean_intervals) {
// We have an outdated interval, remove it.
PopInterval(manager, current);
}
} else {
UpdateCost(manager, i, current->index_, current->cost_);
}
current = next;
}
}
// Given a current orphan interval and its previous interval, before
// it was orphaned (which can be NULL), set it at the right place in the list
// of intervals using the start_ ordering and the previous interval as a hint.
static WEBP_INLINE void PositionOrphanInterval(CostManager* const manager,
CostInterval* const current,
CostInterval* previous) {
assert(current != NULL);
if (previous == NULL) previous = manager->head_;
while (previous != NULL && current->start_ < previous->start_) {
previous = previous->previous_;
}
while (previous != NULL && previous->next_ != NULL &&
previous->next_->start_ < current->start_) {
previous = previous->next_;
}
if (previous != NULL) {
ConnectIntervals(manager, current, previous->next_);
} else {
ConnectIntervals(manager, current, manager->head_);
}
ConnectIntervals(manager, previous, current);
}
// Insert an interval in the list contained in the manager by starting at
// interval_in as a hint. The intervals are sorted by start_ value.
static WEBP_INLINE void InsertInterval(CostManager* const manager,
CostInterval* const interval_in,
float cost, int position, int start,
int end) {
CostInterval* interval_new;
if (start >= end) return;
if (manager->count_ >= COST_CACHE_INTERVAL_SIZE_MAX) {
// Serialize the interval if we cannot store it.
UpdateCostPerInterval(manager, start, end, position, cost);
return;
}
if (manager->free_intervals_ != NULL) {
interval_new = manager->free_intervals_;
manager->free_intervals_ = interval_new->next_;
} else if (manager->recycled_intervals_ != NULL) {
interval_new = manager->recycled_intervals_;
manager->recycled_intervals_ = interval_new->next_;
} else { // malloc for good
interval_new = (CostInterval*)WebPSafeMalloc(1, sizeof(*interval_new));
if (interval_new == NULL) {
// Write down the interval if we cannot create it.
UpdateCostPerInterval(manager, start, end, position, cost);
return;
}
}
interval_new->cost_ = cost;
interval_new->index_ = position;
interval_new->start_ = start;
interval_new->end_ = end;
PositionOrphanInterval(manager, interval_new, interval_in);
++manager->count_;
}
// Given a new cost interval defined by its start at position, its length value
// and distance_cost, add its contributions to the previous intervals and costs.
// If handling the interval or one of its subintervals becomes to heavy, its
// contribution is added to the costs right away.
static WEBP_INLINE void PushInterval(CostManager* const manager,
double distance_cost, int position,
int len) {
size_t i;
CostInterval* interval = manager->head_;
CostInterval* interval_next;
const CostCacheInterval* const cost_cache_intervals =
manager->cache_intervals_;
// If the interval is small enough, no need to deal with the heavy
// interval logic, just serialize it right away. This constant is empirical.
const int kSkipDistance = 10;
if (len < kSkipDistance) {
int j;
for (j = position; j < position + len; ++j) {
const int k = j - position;
float cost_tmp;
assert(k >= 0 && k < MAX_LENGTH);
cost_tmp = (float)(distance_cost + manager->cost_cache_[k]);
if (manager->costs_[j] > cost_tmp) {
manager->costs_[j] = cost_tmp;
manager->dist_array_[j] = k + 1;
}
}
return;
}
for (i = 0; i < manager->cache_intervals_size_ &&
cost_cache_intervals[i].start_ < len;
++i) {
// Define the intersection of the ith interval with the new one.
int start = position + cost_cache_intervals[i].start_;
const int end = position + (cost_cache_intervals[i].end_ > len
? len
: cost_cache_intervals[i].end_);
const float cost = (float)(distance_cost + cost_cache_intervals[i].cost_);
for (; interval != NULL && interval->start_ < end;
interval = interval_next) {
interval_next = interval->next_;
// Make sure we have some overlap
if (start >= interval->end_) continue;
if (cost >= interval->cost_) {
// When intervals are represented, the lower, the better.
// [**********************************************************[
// start end
// [----------------------------------[
// interval->start_ interval->end_
// If we are worse than what we already have, add whatever we have so
// far up to interval.
const int start_new = interval->end_;
InsertInterval(manager, interval, cost, position, start,
interval->start_);
start = start_new;
if (start >= end) break;
continue;
}
if (start <= interval->start_) {
if (interval->end_ <= end) {
// [----------------------------------[
// interval->start_ interval->end_
// [**************************************************************[
// start end
// We can safely remove the old interval as it is fully included.
PopInterval(manager, interval);
} else {
// [------------------------------------[
// interval->start_ interval->end_
// [*****************************[
// start end
interval->start_ = end;
break;
}
} else {
if (end < interval->end_) {
// [--------------------------------------------------------------[
// interval->start_ interval->end_
// [*****************************[
// start end
// We have to split the old interval as it fully contains the new one.
const int end_original = interval->end_;
interval->end_ = start;
InsertInterval(manager, interval, interval->cost_, interval->index_,
end, end_original);
interval = interval->next_;
break;
} else {
// [------------------------------------[
// interval->start_ interval->end_
// [*****************************[
// start end
interval->end_ = start;
}
}
}
// Insert the remaining interval from start to end.
InsertInterval(manager, interval, cost, position, start, end);
}
}
static int BackwardReferencesHashChainDistanceOnly(
int xsize, int ysize, const uint32_t* const argb, int cache_bits,
const VP8LHashChain* const hash_chain, const VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs,
uint16_t* const dist_array) {
int i;
int ok = 0;
int cc_init = 0;
const int pix_count = xsize * ysize;
const int use_color_cache = (cache_bits > 0);
const size_t literal_array_size =
sizeof(double) * (NUM_LITERAL_CODES + NUM_LENGTH_CODES +
((cache_bits > 0) ? (1 << cache_bits) : 0));
const size_t cost_model_size = sizeof(CostModel) + literal_array_size;
CostModel* const cost_model =
(CostModel*)WebPSafeCalloc(1ULL, cost_model_size);
VP8LColorCache hashers;
CostManager* cost_manager =
(CostManager*)WebPSafeMalloc(1ULL, sizeof(*cost_manager));
int offset_prev = -1, len_prev = -1;
double offset_cost = -1;
int first_offset_is_constant = -1; // initialized with 'impossible' value
int reach = 0;
if (cost_model == NULL || cost_manager == NULL) goto Error;
cost_model->literal_ = (double*)(cost_model + 1);
if (use_color_cache) {
cc_init = VP8LColorCacheInit(&hashers, cache_bits);
if (!cc_init) goto Error;
}
if (!CostModelBuild(cost_model, cache_bits, refs)) {
goto Error;
}
if (!CostManagerInit(cost_manager, dist_array, pix_count, cost_model)) {
goto Error;
}
// We loop one pixel at a time, but store all currently best points to
// non-processed locations from this point.
dist_array[0] = 0;
// Add first pixel as literal.
AddSingleLiteralWithCostModel(argb, &hashers, cost_model, 0, use_color_cache,
0.f, cost_manager->costs_, dist_array);
for (i = 1; i < pix_count; ++i) {
const float prev_cost = cost_manager->costs_[i - 1];
int offset, len;
HashChainFindCopy(hash_chain, i, &offset, &len);
// Try adding the pixel as a literal.
AddSingleLiteralWithCostModel(argb, &hashers, cost_model, i,
use_color_cache, prev_cost,
cost_manager->costs_, dist_array);
// If we are dealing with a non-literal.
if (len >= 2) {
if (offset != offset_prev) {
const int code = DistanceToPlaneCode(xsize, offset);
offset_cost = GetDistanceCost(cost_model, code);
first_offset_is_constant = 1;
PushInterval(cost_manager, prev_cost + offset_cost, i, len);
} else {
assert(offset_cost >= 0);
assert(len_prev >= 0);
assert(first_offset_is_constant == 0 || first_offset_is_constant == 1);
// Instead of considering all contributions from a pixel i by calling:
// PushInterval(cost_manager, prev_cost + offset_cost, i, len);
// we optimize these contributions in case offset_cost stays the same
// for consecutive pixels. This describes a set of pixels similar to a
// previous set (e.g. constant color regions).
if (first_offset_is_constant) {
reach = i - 1 + len_prev - 1;
first_offset_is_constant = 0;
}
if (i + len - 1 > reach) {
// We can only be go further with the same offset if the previous
// length was maxed, hence len_prev == len == MAX_LENGTH.
// TODO(vrabaud), bump i to the end right away (insert cache and
// update cost).
// TODO(vrabaud), check if one of the points in between does not have
// a lower cost.
// Already consider the pixel at "reach" to add intervals that are
// better than whatever we add.
int offset_j, len_j = 0;
int j;
assert(len == MAX_LENGTH);
// Figure out the last consecutive pixel within [i, reach + 1] with
// the same offset.
for (j = i; j <= reach; ++j) {
HashChainFindCopy(hash_chain, j + 1, &offset_j, &len_j);
if (offset_j != offset) {
HashChainFindCopy(hash_chain, j, &offset_j, &len_j);
break;
}
}
// Update the cost at j - 1 and j.
UpdateCostAtIndex(cost_manager, j - 1, 0);
UpdateCostAtIndex(cost_manager, j, 0);
PushInterval(cost_manager, cost_manager->costs_[j - 1] + offset_cost,
j, len_j);
reach = j + len_j - 1;
}
}
}
UpdateCostAtIndex(cost_manager, i, 1);
offset_prev = offset;
len_prev = len;
}
ok = !refs->error_;
Error:
if (cc_init) VP8LColorCacheClear(&hashers);
CostManagerClear(cost_manager);
WebPSafeFree(cost_model);
WebPSafeFree(cost_manager);
return ok;
}
// We pack the path at the end of *dist_array and return
// a pointer to this part of the array. Example:
// dist_array = [1x2xx3x2] => packed [1x2x1232], chosen_path = [1232]
static void TraceBackwards(uint16_t* const dist_array,
int dist_array_size,
uint16_t** const chosen_path,
int* const chosen_path_size) {
uint16_t* path = dist_array + dist_array_size;
uint16_t* cur = dist_array + dist_array_size - 1;
while (cur >= dist_array) {
const int k = *cur;
--path;
*path = k;
cur -= k;
}
*chosen_path = path;
*chosen_path_size = (int)(dist_array + dist_array_size - path);
}
static int BackwardReferencesHashChainFollowChosenPath(
const uint32_t* const argb, int cache_bits,
const uint16_t* const chosen_path, int chosen_path_size,
const VP8LHashChain* const hash_chain, VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs) {
const int use_color_cache = (cache_bits > 0);
int ix;
int i = 0;
int ok = 0;
int cc_init = 0;
VP8LColorCache hashers;
if (use_color_cache) {
cc_init = VP8LColorCacheInit(&hashers, cache_bits);
if (!cc_init) goto Error;
}
ClearBackwardRefs(refs);
for (ix = 0; ix < chosen_path_size; ++ix) {
const int len = chosen_path[ix];
if (len != 1) {
int k;
const int offset = HashChainFindOffset(hash_chain, i);
BackwardRefsCursorAdd(refs, PixOrCopyCreateCopy(offset, len));
if (use_color_cache) {
for (k = 0; k < len; ++k) {
VP8LColorCacheInsert(&hashers, argb[i + k]);
}
}
i += len;
} else {
PixOrCopy v;
const int idx =
use_color_cache ? VP8LColorCacheContains(&hashers, argb[i]) : -1;
if (idx >= 0) {
// use_color_cache is true and hashers contains argb[i]
// push pixel as a color cache index
v = PixOrCopyCreateCacheIdx(idx);
} else {
if (use_color_cache) VP8LColorCacheInsert(&hashers, argb[i]);
v = PixOrCopyCreateLiteral(argb[i]);
}
BackwardRefsCursorAdd(refs, v);
++i;
}
}
ok = !refs->error_;
Error:
if (cc_init) VP8LColorCacheClear(&hashers);
return ok;
}
// Returns 1 on success.
static int BackwardReferencesTraceBackwards(
int xsize, int ysize, const uint32_t* const argb, int cache_bits,
const VP8LHashChain* const hash_chain,
const VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs_src, VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs_dst) {
int ok = 0;
const int dist_array_size = xsize * ysize;
uint16_t* chosen_path = NULL;
int chosen_path_size = 0;
uint16_t* dist_array =
(uint16_t*)WebPSafeMalloc(dist_array_size, sizeof(*dist_array));
if (dist_array == NULL) goto Error;
if (!BackwardReferencesHashChainDistanceOnly(
xsize, ysize, argb, cache_bits, hash_chain, refs_src, dist_array)) {
goto Error;
}
TraceBackwards(dist_array, dist_array_size, &chosen_path, &chosen_path_size);
if (!BackwardReferencesHashChainFollowChosenPath(
argb, cache_bits, chosen_path, chosen_path_size, hash_chain,
refs_dst)) {
goto Error;
}
ok = 1;
Error:
WebPSafeFree(dist_array);
return ok;
}
static void BackwardReferences2DLocality(int xsize,
const VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs) {
VP8LRefsCursor c = VP8LRefsCursorInit(refs);
while (VP8LRefsCursorOk(&c)) {
if (PixOrCopyIsCopy(c.cur_pos)) {
const int dist = c.cur_pos->argb_or_distance;
const int transformed_dist = DistanceToPlaneCode(xsize, dist);
const int transformed_dist = VP8LDistanceToPlaneCode(xsize, dist);
c.cur_pos->argb_or_distance = transformed_dist;
}
VP8LRefsCursorNext(&c);
@ -1452,6 +682,10 @@ static VP8LBackwardRefs* GetBackwardReferencesLowEffort(
return refs_lz77;
}
extern int VP8LBackwardReferencesTraceBackwards(
int xsize, int ysize, const uint32_t* const argb, int cache_bits,
const VP8LHashChain* const hash_chain,
const VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs_src, VP8LBackwardRefs* const refs_dst);
static VP8LBackwardRefs* GetBackwardReferences(
int width, int height, const uint32_t* const argb, int quality,
int* const cache_bits, const VP8LHashChain* const hash_chain,
@ -1503,8 +737,8 @@ static VP8LBackwardRefs* GetBackwardReferences(
// Improve on simple LZ77 but only for high quality (TraceBackwards is
// costly).
if (i_best == 1 && quality >= 25) {
if (BackwardReferencesTraceBackwards(width, height, argb, *cache_bits,
hash_chain, best, worst)) {
if (VP8LBackwardReferencesTraceBackwards(width, height, argb, *cache_bits,
hash_chain, best, worst)) {
double bit_cost_trace;
VP8LHistogramCreate(histo, worst, *cache_bits);
bit_cost_trace = VP8LHistogramEstimateBits(histo);

27
src/enc/backward_references_enc.h
View File

@ -113,6 +113,15 @@ static WEBP_INLINE uint32_t PixOrCopyDistance(const PixOrCopy* const p) {
#define HASH_BITS 18
#define HASH_SIZE (1 << HASH_BITS)
// If you change this, you need MAX_LENGTH_BITS + WINDOW_SIZE_BITS <= 32 as it
// is used in VP8LHashChain.
#define MAX_LENGTH_BITS 12
// We want the max value to be attainable and stored in MAX_LENGTH_BITS bits.
#define MAX_LENGTH ((1 << MAX_LENGTH_BITS) - 1)
#if MAX_LENGTH_BITS + WINDOW_SIZE_BITS > 32
#error "MAX_LENGTH_BITS + WINDOW_SIZE_BITS > 32"
#endif
typedef struct VP8LHashChain VP8LHashChain;
struct VP8LHashChain {
// The 20 most significant bits contain the offset at which the best match
@ -134,6 +143,24 @@ int VP8LHashChainFill(VP8LHashChain* const p, int quality,
int low_effort);
void VP8LHashChainClear(VP8LHashChain* const p); // release memory
static WEBP_INLINE int VP8LHashChainFindOffset(const VP8LHashChain* const p,
const int base_position) {
return p->offset_length_[base_position] >> MAX_LENGTH_BITS;
}
static WEBP_INLINE int VP8LHashChainFindLength(const VP8LHashChain* const p,
const int base_position) {
return p->offset_length_[base_position] & ((1U << MAX_LENGTH_BITS) - 1);
}
static WEBP_INLINE void VP8LHashChainFindCopy(const VP8LHashChain* const p,
int base_position,
int* const offset_ptr,
int* const length_ptr) {
*offset_ptr = VP8LHashChainFindOffset(p, base_position);
*length_ptr = VP8LHashChainFindLength(p, base_position);
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// VP8LBackwardRefs (block-based backward-references storage)