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* changes: webp-lossless-bitstream-spec: update variable names webp-lossless-bitstream-spec: simplify abstract
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@ -19,13 +19,11 @@ Abstract
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WebP lossless is an image format for lossless compression of ARGB images. The
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lossless format stores and restores the pixel values exactly, including the
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color values for pixels whose alpha value is 0. The format uses subresolution
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images, recursively embedded into the format itself, for storing statistical
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data about the images, such as the used entropy codes, spatial predictors, color
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space conversion, and color table. A universal algorithm for sequential data
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compression (LZ77), prefix coding, and a color cache are used for compression of
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the bulk data. Decoding speeds faster than PNG have been demonstrated, as well
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as 25% denser compression than can be achieved using today's PNG format.
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color values for fully transparent pixels. A universal algorithm for sequential
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data compression (LZ77), prefix coding, and a color cache are used for
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compression of the bulk data. Decoding speeds faster than PNG have been
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demonstrated, as well as 25% denser compression than can be achieved using
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today's PNG format.
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* TOC placeholder
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@ -230,15 +228,14 @@ prediction to use. We divide the image into squares, and all the pixels in a
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square use the same prediction mode.
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The first 3 bits of prediction data define the block width and height in number
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of bits. The number of block columns, `block_xsize`, is used in two-dimension
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indexing.
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of bits.
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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int size_bits = ReadBits(3) + 2;
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int block_width = (1 << size_bits);
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int block_height = (1 << size_bits);
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#define DIV_ROUND_UP(num, den) (((num) + (den) - 1) / (den))
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int block_xsize = DIV_ROUND_UP(image_width, 1 << size_bits);
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int transform_width = DIV_ROUND_UP(image_width, 1 << size_bits);
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The transform data contains the prediction mode for each block of the image. It
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@ -247,10 +244,12 @@ the 14 predictors is used for all the `block_width * block_height` pixels within
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a particular block of the ARGB image. This subresolution image is encoded using
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the same techniques described in [Chapter 5](#image-data).
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For a pixel (x, y), one can compute the respective filter block address by:
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The number of block columns, `transform_width`, is used in two-dimensional
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indexing. For a pixel (x, y), one can compute the respective filter block
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address by:
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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int block_index = (y >> size_bits) * block_xsize +
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int block_index = (y >> size_bits) * transform_width +
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(x >> size_bits);
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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@ -725,8 +724,8 @@ neighborhood of the current pixel. This neighborhood consists of 120 pixels:
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* Pixels that are in the same row as the current pixel and are up to 8
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columns to the left of the current pixel. \[`8` such pixels\].
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The mapping between distance code `i` and the neighboring pixel offset
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`(xi, yi)` is as follows:
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The mapping between distance code `distance_code` and the neighboring pixel
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offset `(xi, yi)` is as follows:
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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(0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1), (-1, 1), (0, 2), (2, 0), (1, 2),
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@ -754,19 +753,19 @@ neighboring pixel, that is, the pixel above the current pixel (0 pixel
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difference in the X direction and 1 pixel difference in the Y direction).
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Similarly, the distance code `3` indicates the top-left pixel.
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The decoder can convert a distance code `i` to a scan-line order distance `dist`
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as follows:
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The decoder can convert a distance code `distance_code` to a scan-line order
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distance `dist` as follows:
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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(xi, yi) = distance_map[i - 1]
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dist = xi + yi * xsize
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(xi, yi) = distance_map[distance_code - 1]
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dist = xi + yi * image_width
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if (dist < 1) {
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dist = 1
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}
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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where `distance_map` is the mapping noted above, and `xsize` is the width of the
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image in pixels.
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where `distance_map` is the mapping noted above, and `image_width` is the width
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of the image in pixels.
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#### 5.2.3 Color Cache Coding
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{:#color-cache-code}
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@ -993,14 +992,16 @@ image are derived from `prefix_bits`:
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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int prefix_bits = ReadBits(3) + 2;
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int prefix_xsize = DIV_ROUND_UP(xsize, 1 << prefix_bits);
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int prefix_ysize = DIV_ROUND_UP(ysize, 1 << prefix_bits);
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int prefix_image_width =
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DIV_ROUND_UP(image_width, 1 << prefix_bits);
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int prefix_image_height =
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DIV_ROUND_UP(image_height, 1 << prefix_bits);
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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where `DIV_ROUND_UP` is as defined [earlier](#predictor-transform).
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The next bits contain an entropy image of width `prefix_xsize` and height
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`prefix_ysize`.
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The next bits contain an entropy image of width `prefix_image_width` and height
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`prefix_image_height`.
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##### Interpretation of Meta Prefix Codes
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@ -1025,7 +1026,7 @@ codes to be used as follows:
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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int position =
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(y >> prefix_bits) * prefix_xsize + (x >> prefix_bits);
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(y >> prefix_bits) * prefix_image_width + (x >> prefix_bits);
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int meta_prefix_code = (entropy_image[position] >> 8) & 0xffff;
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PrefixCodeGroup prefix_group = prefix_code_groups[meta_prefix_code];
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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@ -1075,7 +1076,7 @@ The interpretation of S depends on its value:
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Below is a view into the format in Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF)
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[RFC 5234][] [RFC 7405][]. It does not cover all details. The end-of-image (EOI)
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is only implicitly coded into the number of pixels (xsize * ysize).
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is only implicitly coded into the number of pixels (image_width * image_height).
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Note that `*element` means `element` can be repeated 0 or more times. `5element`
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means `element` is repeated exactly 5 times. `%b` represents a binary value.
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