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webp-container-spec: minor wording updates
Mostly grammatical and addition/subtraction of commas from the AUTH48 portion of the RFC review process. The serial comma changes are based on the Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS), 17th edition. Change-Id: Ic75abf2e53e09c8a849e28e9c40e16c127515287
This commit is contained in:
James Zern
parent
46bc4fc9d9
commit
49918af32b
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Introduction
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------------
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WebP is an image format that uses either (i) the VP8 key frame encoding to
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compress image data in a lossy way, or (ii) the WebP lossless encoding. These
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compress image data in a lossy way or (ii) the WebP lossless encoding. These
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encoding schemes should make it more efficient than older formats such as JPEG,
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GIF and PNG. It is optimized for fast image transfer over the network (for
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example, for websites). The WebP format has feature parity (color profile,
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@ -31,19 +31,20 @@ the structure of a WebP file.
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The WebP container (that is, the RIFF container for WebP) allows feature support
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over and above the basic use case of WebP (that is, a file containing a single
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image encoded as a VP8 key frame). The WebP container provides additional
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support for:
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support for the following:
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* **Lossless compression.** An image can be losslessly compressed, using the
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* Lossless Compression: An image can be losslessly compressed, using the
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WebP Lossless Format.
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* **Metadata.** An image may have metadata stored in Exif or XMP formats.
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* Metadata: An image may have metadata stored in Exchangeable Image File
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Format (Exif) or Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) format.
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* **Transparency.** An image may have transparency, that is, an alpha channel.
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* Transparency: An image may have transparency, that is, an alpha channel.
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* **Color Profile.** An image may have an embedded ICC profile as described
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* Color Profile: An image may have an embedded ICC profile as described
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by the [International Color Consortium][iccspec].
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* **Animation.** An image may have multiple frames with pauses between them,
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* Animation: An image may have multiple frames with pauses between them,
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making it an animation.
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The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",
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@ -52,15 +53,15 @@ document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC 2119][] [RFC 8174][]
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when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
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Bit numbering in chunk diagrams starts at `0` for the most significant bit
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('MSB 0') as described in [RFC 1166][].
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('MSB 0'), as described in [RFC 1166][].
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Terminology & Basics
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--------------------
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A WebP file contains either a still image (that is, an encoded matrix of pixels)
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or an [animation](#animation). Optionally, it can also contain transparency
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information, color profile and metadata. We refer to the matrix of pixels as the
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_canvas_ of the image.
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information, a color profile and metadata. We refer to the matrix of pixels as
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the _canvas_ of the image.
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Below are additional terms used throughout this document:
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@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ _uint32_
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_FourCC_
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: A _FourCC_ (four-character code) is a _uint32_ created by concatenating four
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: A four-character code (FourCC) is a _uint32_ created by concatenating four
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ASCII characters in little-endian order. This means 'aaaa' (0x61616161) and
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'AAAA' (0x41414141) are treated as different _FourCCs_.
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@ -94,9 +95,8 @@ _1-based_
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_ChunkHeader('ABCD')_
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: This is used to describe the _FourCC_ and _Chunk Size_ header of individual
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chunks, where 'ABCD' is the FourCC for the chunk. This element's size is 8
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bytes.
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: Used to describe the _FourCC_ and _Chunk Size_ header of individual chunks,
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where 'ABCD' is the FourCC for the chunk. This element's size is 8 bytes.
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RIFF File Format
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@ -124,11 +124,11 @@ Chunk FourCC: 32 bits
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Chunk Size: 32 bits (_uint32_)
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: The size of the chunk in bytes, not including this field, the chunk
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identifier or padding.
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identifier, or padding.
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Chunk Payload: _Chunk Size_ bytes
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: The data payload. If _Chunk Size_ is odd, a single padding byte -- that MUST
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: The data payload. If _Chunk Size_ is odd, a single padding byte -- which MUST
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be `0` to conform with RIFF -- is added.
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**Note:** RIFF has a convention that all-uppercase chunk FourCCs are standard
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@ -151,17 +151,17 @@ WebP File Header
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'RIFF': 32 bits
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: The ASCII characters 'R' 'I' 'F' 'F'.
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: The ASCII characters 'R', 'I', 'F', 'F'.
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File Size: 32 bits (_uint32_)
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: The size of the file in bytes starting at offset 8. The maximum value of
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: The size of the file in bytes, starting at offset 8. The maximum value of
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this field is 2^32 minus 10 bytes and thus the size of the whole file is at
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most 4GiB minus 2 bytes.
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most 4 GiB minus 2 bytes.
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'WEBP': 32 bits
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: The ASCII characters 'W' 'E' 'B' 'P'.
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: The ASCII characters 'W', 'E', 'B', 'P'.
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A WebP file MUST begin with a RIFF header with the FourCC 'WEBP'. The file size
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in the header is the total size of the chunks that follow plus `4` bytes for
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@ -206,15 +206,15 @@ VP8 data: _Chunk Size_ bytes
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: VP8 bitstream data.
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Note the fourth character in the 'VP8 ' FourCC is an ASCII space (0x20).
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Note that the fourth character in the 'VP8 ' FourCC is an ASCII space (0x20).
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The VP8 bitstream format specification can be found at [VP8 Data Format and
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Decoding Guide][vp8spec]. Note that the VP8 frame header contains the VP8 frame
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The VP8 bitstream format specification is described in [VP8 Data Format and
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Decoding Guide][rfc 6386]. Note that the VP8 frame header contains the VP8 frame
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width and height. That is assumed to be the width and height of the canvas.
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The VP8 specification describes how to decode the image into Y'CbCr format. To
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convert to RGB, Rec. 601 SHOULD be used. Applications MAY use another
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conversion method, but visual results may differ among decoders.
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convert to RGB, [Recommendation BT.601][rec601] SHOULD be used. Applications MAY
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use another conversion method, but visual results may differ among decoders.
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Simple File Format (Lossless)
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@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ Reserved (Rsv): 2 bits
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ICC profile (I): 1 bit
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: Set if the file contains an ICC profile.
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: Set if the file contains an 'ICCP' Chunk.
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Alpha (L): 1 bit
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@ -396,14 +396,14 @@ Background Color: 32 bits (_uint32_)
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: The default background color of the canvas in \[Blue, Green, Red, Alpha\]
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byte order. This color MAY be used to fill the unused space on the canvas
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around the frames, as well as the transparent pixels of the first frame.
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Background color is also used when disposal method is `1`.
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The background color is also used when the Disposal method is `1`.
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**Note**:
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* Background color MAY contain a non-opaque alpha value, even if the _Alpha_
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flag in [VP8X chunk](#extended_header) is unset.
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* The background color MAY contain a non-opaque alpha value, even if the
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_Alpha_ flag in the ['VP8X' Chunk](#extended_header) is unset.
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* Viewer applications SHOULD treat the background color value as a hint, and
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* Viewer applications SHOULD treat the background color value as a hint and
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are not required to use it.
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* The canvas is cleared at the start of each loop. The background color MAY be
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@ -411,7 +411,8 @@ Background Color: 32 bits (_uint32_)
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Loop Count: 16 bits (_uint16_)
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: The number of times to loop the animation. `0` means infinitely.
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: The number of times to loop the animation. If it is `0`, this means
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infinitely.
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This chunk MUST appear if the _Animation_ flag in the VP8X chunk is set.
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If the _Animation_ flag is not set and this chunk is present, it MUST be
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@ -459,10 +460,10 @@ Frame Height Minus One: 24 bits (_uint24_)
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Frame Duration: 24 bits (_uint24_)
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: The time to wait before displaying the next frame, in 1 millisecond units.
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Note the interpretation of frame duration of 0 (and often <= 10) is
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implementation defined. Many tools and browsers assign a minimum duration
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similar to GIF.
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: The time to wait before displaying the next frame, in 1-millisecond units.
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Note that the interpretation of the Frame Duration of 0 (and often <= 10) is
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defined by the implementation. Many tools and browsers assign a minimum
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duration similar to GIF.
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Reserved: 6 bits
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@ -473,10 +474,10 @@ Blending method (B): 1 bit
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: Indicates how transparent pixels of _the current frame_ are to be blended
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with corresponding pixels of the previous canvas:
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* `0`: Use alpha blending. After disposing of the previous frame, render the
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* `0`: Use alpha-blending. After disposing of the previous frame, render the
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current frame on the canvas using [alpha-blending](#alpha-blending). If
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the current frame does not have an alpha channel, assume alpha value of
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255, effectively replacing the rectangle.
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the current frame does not have an alpha channel, assume the alpha value
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is 255, effectively replacing the rectangle.
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* `1`: Do not blend. After disposing of the previous frame, render the
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current frame on the canvas by overwriting the rectangle covered by the
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@ -489,20 +490,20 @@ Disposal method (D): 1 bit
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* `0`: Do not dispose. Leave the canvas as is.
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* `1`: Dispose to background color. Fill the _rectangle_ on the canvas
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covered by the _current frame_ with background color specified in the
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[ANIM chunk](#anim_chunk).
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* `1`: Dispose to the background color. Fill the _rectangle_ on the canvas
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covered by the _current frame_ with the background color specified in the
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['ANIM' Chunk](#anim_chunk).
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**Notes**:
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* The frame disposal only applies to the _frame rectangle_, that is, the
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rectangle defined by _Frame X_, _Frame Y_, _frame width_ and _frame height_.
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It may or may not cover the whole canvas.
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rectangle defined by _Frame X_, _Frame Y_, _frame width_, and _frame
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height_. It may or may not cover the whole canvas.
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{:#alpha-blending}
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* **Alpha-blending**:
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* Alpha-blending:
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Given that each of the R, G, B and A channels is 8-bit, and the RGB
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Given that each of the R, G, B, and A channels is 8 bits, and the RGB
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channels are _not premultiplied_ by alpha, the formula for blending
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'dst' onto 'src' is:
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@ -518,8 +519,8 @@ Disposal method (D): 1 bit
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* Alpha-blending SHOULD be done in linear color space, by taking into account
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the [color profile](#color-profile) of the image. If the color profile is
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not present, sRGB is to be assumed. (Note that sRGB also needs to be
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linearized due to a gamma of ~2.2).
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not present, standard RGB (sRGB) is to be assumed. (Note that sRGB also
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needs to be linearized due to a gamma of ~2.2.)
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Frame Data: _Chunk Size_ - `16` bytes
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@ -532,7 +533,7 @@ Frame Data: _Chunk Size_ - `16` bytes
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* An optional list of [unknown chunks](#unknown-chunks).
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**Note**: The 'ANMF' payload, _Frame Data_ above, consists of individual
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_padded_ chunks as described by the [RIFF file format](#riff-file-format).
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_padded_ chunks, as described by the [RIFF file format](#riff-file-format).
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#### Alpha
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@ -549,18 +550,18 @@ Reserved (Rsv): 2 bits
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: MUST be `0`. Readers MUST ignore this field.
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Pre-processing (P): 2 bits
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Preprocessing (P): 2 bits
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: These _informative_ bits are used to signal the pre-processing that has
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: These _informative_ bits are used to signal the preprocessing that has
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been performed during compression. The decoder can use this information to
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for example, dither the values or smooth the gradients prior to display.
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* `0`: No pre-processing.
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* `0`: No preprocessing.
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* `1`: Level reduction.
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Filtering method (F): 2 bits
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: The filtering method used:
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: The filtering methods used are described as follows:
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* `0`: None.
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* `1`: Horizontal filter.
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@ -584,8 +585,8 @@ made depending on the filtering method:
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where `clip(v)` is equal to:
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* 0 if v < 0
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* 255 if v > 255
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* 0 if v < 0,
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* 255 if v > 255, or
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* v otherwise
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The final value is derived by adding the decompressed value `X` to the
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@ -594,9 +595,10 @@ into the \[0..255\] one:
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`alpha = (predictor + X) % 256`
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There are special cases for the left-most and top-most pixel positions:
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There are special cases for the left-most and top-most pixel positions. For
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example, the top-left value at location (0, 0) uses 0 as the predictor value.
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Otherwise:
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* The top-left value at location (0, 0) uses 0 as predictor value. Otherwise,
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* For horizontal or gradient filtering methods, the left-most pixels at
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location (0, y) are predicted using the location (0, y-1) just above.
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* For vertical or gradient filtering methods, the top-most pixels at
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@ -622,27 +624,27 @@ containing a 'VP8L' chunk SHOULD NOT contain this chunk.
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**Rationale**: The transparency information is already part of the 'VP8L'
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chunk.
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The alpha channel data is stored as uncompressed raw data (when
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The alpha channel data is stored as uncompressed raw data (when the
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compression method is '0') or compressed using the lossless format
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(when the compression method is '1').
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* Raw data: consists of a byte sequence of length width * height,
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* Raw data: This consists of a byte sequence of length = width * height,
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containing all the 8-bit transparency values in scan order.
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* Lossless format compression: the byte sequence is a compressed
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image-stream (as described in the [WebP Lossless Bitstream Format]
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[webpllspec]) of implicit dimension width x height. That is, this
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image-stream does NOT contain any headers describing the image dimension.
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* Lossless format compression: The byte sequence is a compressed
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image-stream (as described in ["WebP Lossless Bitstream Format"]
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[webpllspec]) of implicit dimensions width x height. That is, this
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image-stream does NOT contain any headers describing the image dimensions.
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**Rationale**: the dimension is already known from other sources,
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so storing it again would be redundant and error-prone.
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**Rationale**: The dimensions are already known from other sources,
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so storing them again would be redundant and prone to error.
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Once the image-stream is decoded into ARGB color values, following
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the process described in the lossless format specification, the
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transparency information must be extracted from the *green* channel
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of the ARGB quadruplet.
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Once the image-stream is decoded into Alpha, Red, Green, Blue (ARGB) color
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values, following the process described in the lossless format
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specification, the transparency information must be extracted from the
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*green* channel of the ARGB quadruplet.
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**Rationale**: the green channel is allowed extra transformation
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**Rationale**: The green channel is allowed extra transformation
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steps in the specification -- unlike the other channels -- that can
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improve compression.
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@ -650,13 +652,13 @@ compression method is '0') or compressed using the lossless format
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This chunk contains compressed bitstream data for a single frame.
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A bitstream chunk may be either (i) a VP8 chunk, using "VP8 " (note the
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significant fourth-character space) as its tag _or_ (ii) a VP8L chunk, using
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"VP8L" as its tag.
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A bitstream chunk may be either (i) a 'VP8 ' Chunk, using 'VP8 ' (note the
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significant fourth-character space) as its FourCC, _or_ (ii) a 'VP8L' Chunk,
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using 'VP8L' as its FourCC.
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The formats of VP8 and VP8L chunks are as described in sections
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The formats of 'VP8 ' and 'VP8L' Chunks are as described in sections
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[Simple File Format (Lossy)](#simple-file-format-lossy)
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and [Simple File Format (Lossless)](#simple-file-format-lossless) respectively.
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and [Simple File Format (Lossless)](#simple-file-format-lossless), respectively.
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#### Color Profile
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@ -720,59 +722,59 @@ XMP Metadata: _Chunk Size_ bytes
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: Image metadata in XMP format.
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Note the fourth character in the 'XMP ' FourCC is an ASCII space (0x20).
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Note that the fourth character in the 'XMP ' FourCC is an ASCII space (0x20).
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Additional guidance about handling metadata can be found in the
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Metadata Working Group's [Guidelines for Handling Metadata][metadata].
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Metadata Working Group's ["Guidelines for Handling Metadata"][metadata].
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#### Unknown Chunks
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A RIFF chunk (described in [this](#terminology-amp-basics) section) whose _chunk
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tag_ is different from any of the chunks described in this document, is
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A RIFF chunk (described in the [RIFF File Format](#riff-file-format) section)
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whose FourCC is different from any of the chunks described in this document, is
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considered an _unknown chunk_.
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**Rationale**: Allowing unknown chunks gives a provision for future extension
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of the format, and also allows storage of any application-specific data.
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of the format and also allows storage of any application-specific data.
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A file MAY contain unknown chunks:
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* At the end of the file as described in [Extended WebP file
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header](#extended_header) section.
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* At the end of ANMF chunks as described in the
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* at the end of the file, as described in [Extended WebP file
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header](#extended_header) section, or
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* at the end of 'ANMF' Chunks, as described in the
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[Animation](#animation) section.
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Readers SHOULD ignore these chunks. Writers SHOULD preserve them in their
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original order (unless they specifically intend to modify these chunks).
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### Assembling the Canvas From Frames
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### Canvas Assembly from Frames
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Here we provide an overview of how a reader MUST assemble a canvas in the case
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of an animated image.
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The process begins with creating a canvas using the dimensions given in the
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'VP8X' chunk, `Canvas Width Minus One + 1` pixels wide by `Canvas Height Minus
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One + 1` pixels high. The `Loop Count` field from the 'ANIM' chunk controls how
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'VP8X' Chunk, `Canvas Width Minus One + 1` pixels wide by `Canvas Height Minus
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One + 1` pixels high. The `Loop Count` field from the 'ANIM' Chunk controls how
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many times the animation process is repeated. This is `Loop Count - 1` for
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non-zero `Loop Count` values or infinitely if `Loop Count` is zero.
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nonzero `Loop Count` values or infinite if the `Loop Count` is zero.
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At the beginning of each loop iteration the canvas is filled using the
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background color from the 'ANIM' chunk or an application defined color.
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At the beginning of each loop iteration, the canvas is filled using the
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background color from the 'ANIM' Chunk or an application-defined color.
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'ANMF' chunks contain individual frames given in display order. Before rendering
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'ANMF' Chunks contain individual frames given in display order. Before rendering
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each frame, the previous frame's `Disposal method` is applied.
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The rendering of the decoded frame begins at the Cartesian coordinates (`2 *
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Frame X`, `2 * Frame Y`) using the top-left corner of the canvas as the origin.
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Frame X`, `2 * Frame Y`), using the top-left corner of the canvas as the origin.
|
||||
`Frame Width Minus One + 1` pixels wide by `Frame Height Minus One + 1` pixels
|
||||
high are rendered onto the canvas using the `Blending method`.
|
||||
|
||||
The canvas is displayed for `Frame Duration` milliseconds. This continues until
|
||||
all frames given by 'ANMF' chunks have been displayed. A new loop iteration is
|
||||
then begun or the canvas is left in its final state if all iterations have been
|
||||
all frames given by 'ANMF' Chunks have been displayed. A new loop iteration is
|
||||
then begun, or the canvas is left in its final state if all iterations have been
|
||||
completed.
|
||||
|
||||
The following pseudocode illustrates the rendering process. The notation
|
||||
_VP8X.field_ means the field in the 'VP8X' chunk with the same description.
|
||||
_VP8X.field_ means the field in the 'VP8X' Chunk with the same description.
|
||||
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
assert VP8X.flags.hasAnimation
|
||||
@ -785,7 +787,7 @@ if loop_count == 0:
|
||||
frame_params ← nil
|
||||
assert next chunk in image_data is ANMF
|
||||
for loop = 0..loop_count - 1
|
||||
clear canvas to ANIM.background_color or application defined color
|
||||
clear canvas to ANIM.background_color or application-defined color
|
||||
until eof or non-ANMF chunk
|
||||
frame_params.frameX = Frame X
|
||||
frame_params.frameY = Frame Y
|
||||
@ -805,11 +807,11 @@ for loop = 0..loop_count - 1
|
||||
frame_params.bitstream = bitstream_data
|
||||
render frame with frame_params.alpha and frame_params.bitstream
|
||||
on canvas with top-left corner at (frame_params.frameX,
|
||||
frame_params.frameY), using blending method
|
||||
frame_params.frameY), using Blending method
|
||||
frame_params.blendingMethod.
|
||||
canvas contains the decoded image.
|
||||
Show the contents of the canvas for
|
||||
frame_params.frameDuration * 1ms.
|
||||
frame_params.frameDuration * 1 ms.
|
||||
dispose_method = frame_params.disposeMethod
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
@ -817,7 +819,7 @@ for loop = 0..loop_count - 1
|
||||
Example File Layouts
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
A lossy encoded image with alpha may look as follows:
|
||||
A lossy-encoded image with alpha may look as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
RIFF/WEBP
|
||||
@ -826,7 +828,7 @@ RIFF/WEBP
|
||||
+- VP8 (bitstream)
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
A losslessly encoded image may look as follows:
|
||||
A lossless-encoded image may look as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
RIFF/WEBP
|
||||
@ -835,7 +837,7 @@ RIFF/WEBP
|
||||
+- VP8L (lossless bitstream)
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
A lossless image with ICC profile and XMP metadata may
|
||||
A lossless image with an ICC profile and XMP metadata may
|
||||
look as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
@ -859,10 +861,11 @@ RIFF/WEBP
|
||||
+- EXIF (metadata)
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
[vp8spec]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6386
|
||||
[webpllspec]: https://chromium.googlesource.com/webm/libwebp/+/HEAD/doc/webp-lossless-bitstream-spec.txt
|
||||
[iccspec]: https://www.color.org/icc_specs2.xalter
|
||||
[metadata]: https://web.archive.org/web/20180919181934/http://www.metadataworkinggroup.org/pdf/mwg_guidance.pdf
|
||||
[rec601]: https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.601
|
||||
[rfc 1166]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1166
|
||||
[rfc 2119]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
|
||||
[rfc 6386]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6386
|
||||
[rfc 8174]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user