mirror of
https://github.com/lunarmodules/luasocket.git
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329 lines
8.2 KiB
HTML
329 lines
8.2 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta name="description" content="LuaSocket: URL manipulation">
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<meta name="keywords" content="Lua, LuaSocket, URL, Library, Link, Network, Support">
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<title>LuaSocket: URL support</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="reference.css" type="text/css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<!-- header +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<div class=header>
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<hr>
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<center>
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<table summary="LuaSocket logo">
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<tr><td align=center><a href="http://www.lua.org">
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<img width=128 height=128 border=0 alt="LuaSocket" src="luasocket.png">
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</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td align=center valign=top>Network support for the Lua language
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</td></tr>
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</table>
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<p class=bar>
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<a href="index.html">home</a> ·
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<a href="index.html#download">download</a> ·
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<a href="installation.html">installation</a> ·
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<a href="introduction.html">introduction</a> ·
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<a href="reference.html">reference</a>
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</p>
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</center>
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<hr>
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</div>
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<!-- url ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<h2 id="url">URL</h2>
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<p>
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The <tt>url</tt> namespace provides functions to parse, protect,
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and build URLs, as well as functions to compose absolute URLs
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from base and relative URLs, according to
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<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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To obtain the <tt>url</tt> namespace, run:
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</p>
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<pre class=example>
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-- loads the URL module
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local url = require("socket.url")
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</pre>
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<p>
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An URL is defined by the following grammar:
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</p>
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<blockquote>
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<tt>
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<url> ::= [<scheme>:][//<authority>][/<path>][;<params>][?<query>][#<fragment>]<br>
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<authority> ::= [<userinfo>@]<host>[:<port>]<br>
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<userinfo> ::= <user>[:<password>]<br>
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<path> ::= {<segment>/}<segment><br>
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</tt>
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</blockquote>
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<!-- absolute +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="absolute">
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url.<b>absolute(</b>base, relative<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Builds an absolute URL from a base URL and a relative URL.
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</p>
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<p class=parameters>
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<tt>Base</tt> is a string with the base URL or
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a parsed URL table. <tt>Relative</tt> is a
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string with the relative URL.
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</p>
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<p class=return>
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The function returns a string with the absolute URL.
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</p>
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<p class=note>
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Note: The rules that
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govern the composition are fairly complex, and are described in detail in
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<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>.
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The example bellow should give an idea of what the rules are.
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</p>
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<pre class=example>
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http://a/b/c/d;p?q
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+
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g:h = g:h
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g = http://a/b/c/g
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./g = http://a/b/c/g
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g/ = http://a/b/c/g/
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/g = http://a/g
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//g = http://g
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?y = http://a/b/c/?y
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g?y = http://a/b/c/g?y
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#s = http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s
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g#s = http://a/b/c/g#s
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g?y#s = http://a/b/c/g?y#s
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;x = http://a/b/c/;x
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g;x = http://a/b/c/g;x
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g;x?y#s = http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s
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. = http://a/b/c/
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./ = http://a/b/c/
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.. = http://a/b/
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../ = http://a/b/
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../g = http://a/b/g
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../.. = http://a/
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../../ = http://a/
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../../g = http://a/g
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</pre>
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<!-- build ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="build">
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url.<b>build(</b>parsed_url<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Rebuilds an URL from its parts.
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</p>
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<p class=parameters>
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<tt>Parsed_url</tt> is a table with same components returned by
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<a href="#parse"><tt>parse</tt></a>.
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Lower level components, if specified,
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take precedence over high level components of the URL grammar.
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</p>
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<p class=return>
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The function returns a string with the built URL.
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</p>
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<!-- build_path +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="build_path">
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url.<b>build_path(</b>segments, unsafe<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Builds a <tt><path></tt> component from a list of
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<tt><segment></tt> parts.
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Before composition, any reserved characters found in a segment are escaped into
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their protected form, so that the resulting path is a valid URL path
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component.
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</p>
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<p class=parameters>
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<tt>Segments</tt> is a list of strings with the <tt><segment></tt>
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parts. If <tt>unsafe</tt> is anything but <b><tt>nil</tt></b>, reserved
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characters are left untouched.
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</p>
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<p class=return>
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The function returns a string with the
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built <tt><path></tt> component.
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</p>
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<!-- escape +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="escape">
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url.<b>escape(</b>content<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Applies the URL escaping content coding to a string
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Each byte is encoded as a percent character followed
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by the two byte hexadecimal representation of its integer
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value.
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</p>
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<p class=parameters>
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<tt>Content</tt> is the string to be encoded.
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</p>
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<p class=result>
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The function returns the encoded string.
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</p>
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<pre class=example>
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-- load url module
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url = require("socket.url")
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code = url.escape("/#?;")
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-- code = "%2f%23%3f%3b"
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</pre>
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<!-- parse ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="parse">
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url.<b>parse(</b>url, default<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Parses an URL given as a string into a Lua table with its components.
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</p>
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<p class=parameters>
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<tt>Url</tt> is the URL to be parsed. If the <tt>default</tt> table is
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present, it is used to store the parsed fields. Only fields present in the
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URL are overwritten. Therefore, this table can be used to pass default
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values for each field.
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</p>
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<p class=return>
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The function returns a table with all the URL components:
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</p>
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<blockquote><tt>
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parsed_url = {<br>
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url = <i>string</i>,<br>
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scheme = <i>string</i>,<br>
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authority = <i>string</i>,<br>
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path = <i>string</i>,<br>
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params = <i>string</i>,<br>
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query = <i>string</i>,<br>
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fragment = <i>string</i>,<br>
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userinfo = <i>string</i>,<br>
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host = <i>string</i>,<br>
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port = <i>string</i>,<br>
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user = <i>string</i>,<br>
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password = <i>string</i><br>
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}
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</tt></blockquote>
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<pre class=example>
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-- load url module
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url = require("socket.url")
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parsed_url = url.parse("http://www.example.com/cgilua/index.lua?a=2#there")
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-- parsed_url = {
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-- scheme = "http",
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-- authority = "www.example.com",
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-- path = "/cgilua/index.lua"
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-- query = "a=2",
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-- fragment = "there",
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-- host = "www.puc-rio.br",
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-- }
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parsed_url = url.parse("ftp://root:passwd@unsafe.org/pub/virus.exe;type=i")
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-- parsed_url = {
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-- scheme = "ftp",
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-- authority = "root:passwd@unsafe.org",
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-- path = "/pub/virus.exe",
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-- params = "type=i",
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-- userinfo = "root:passwd",
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-- host = "unsafe.org",
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-- user = "root",
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-- password = "passwd",
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-- }
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</pre>
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<!-- parse_path +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="parse_path">
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url.<b>parse_path(</b>path<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Breaks a <tt><path></tt> URL component into all its
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<tt><segment></tt> parts.
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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<tt>Path</tt> is a string with the path to be parsed.
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</p>
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<p class=return>
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Since some characters are reserved in URLs, they must be escaped
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whenever present in a <tt><path></tt> component. Therefore, before
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returning a list with all the parsed segments, the function removes
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escaping from all of them.
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</p>
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<!-- unescape +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="unescape">
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url.<b>unescape(</b>content<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Removes the URL escaping content coding from a string.
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</p>
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<p class=parameters>
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<tt>Content</tt> is the string to be decoded.
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</p>
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<p class=return>
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The function returns the decoded string.
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</p>
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<!-- footer +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<div class=footer>
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<hr>
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<center>
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<p class=bar>
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<a href="index.html">home</a> ·
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<a href="index.html#down">download</a> ·
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<a href="installation.html">installation</a> ·
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<a href="introduction.html">introduction</a> ·
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<a href="reference.html">reference</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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<small>
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Last modified by Diego Nehab on <br>
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Thu Apr 20 00:26:05 EDT 2006
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</small>
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</p>
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</center>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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