mirror of
https://github.com/lunarmodules/luasocket.git
synced 2024-11-08 14:28:21 +01:00
58096449c6
Implemented new distribution scheme. Select is now purely C. HTTP reimplemented seems faster dunno why. LTN12 functions that coroutines fail gracefully.
429 lines
12 KiB
HTML
429 lines
12 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>LuaSocket: Network support for the Lua language</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="reference.css" type="text/css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<!-- header +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<div class=header>
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<hr>
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<center>
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<table summary="LuaSocket logo">
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<tr><td align=center><a href="http://www.lua.org">
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<img border=0 alt="LuaSocket" src="luasocket.png">
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</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td align=center valign=top>Network support for the Lua language
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</td></tr>
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</table>
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<p class=bar>
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<a href="home.html">home</a> ·
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<a href="home.html#download">download</a> ·
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<a href="introduction.html">introduction</a> ·
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<a href="reference.html">reference</a>
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</p>
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</center>
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<hr>
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</div>
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<!-- mime +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<h2 id=mime>MIME</h2>
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<p>
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The MIME module offers filters that apply and remove common
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content transfer encodings, such as Base64 and Quoted-Printable.
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It also provides functions to break text into lines and change
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the end-of-line convention.
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MIME is described mainly in
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<a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045</a>,
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<a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2046.txt">2046</a>,
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<a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2047.txt">2047</a>,
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<a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2047.txt">2048</a> and
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<a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2048.txt">2049</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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All functionality provided by the MIME module
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follows the ideas presented in
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<a href="http://lua-users.org/wiki/FiltersSourcesAndSinks">
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LTN012, Filters sources and sinks</a>.
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</p>
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<!-- High-level +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<h3 id=high>High-level filters</h3>
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<!-- normalize ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="normalize">
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mime.<b>normalize(</b>[marker]<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Converts most common end-of-line markers to a specific given marker.
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</p>
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<p class=parameters>
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<tt>Marker</tt> is the new marker. It defaults to CRLF, the canonic
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end-of-line marker defined by the MIME standard.
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</p>
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<p class=return>
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The function returns a filter that performs the conversion.
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</p>
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<p class=note>
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Note: There is no perfect solution to this problem. Different end-of-line
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markers are an evil that will probably plague developers forever.
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This function, however, will work perfectly for text created with any of
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the most common end-of-line markers, i.e. the MacOS (CR), the Unix (LF),
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or the DOS (CRLF) conventions. Even if the data has mixed end-of-line
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markers, the function will still work well, although it doesn't
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guarantee that the number of empty lines will be correct.
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</p>
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<!-- decode +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="decode">
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mime.<b>decode(</b>"base64"<b>)</b><br>
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mime.<b>decode(</b>"quoted-printable"<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Returns a filter that decodes data from a given transfer content
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encoding.
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</p>
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<p class=return>
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The function returns the created filter.
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</p>
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<!-- encode +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="encode">
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mime.<b>encode(</b>"base64"<b>)</b><br>
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mime.<b>encode(</b>"quoted-printable" [, mode])</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Returns a filter that encodes data according to a given transfer content
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encoding.
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</p>
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<p class=parameters>
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In the Quoted-Printable case, the user can specify whether the data is
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textual or binary, by passing the <tt>mode</tt> strings "<tt>text</tt>" or
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"<tt>binary</tt>". <tt>Mode</tt> defaults to "<tt>text</tt>".
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</p>
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<p class=return>
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The function returns the created filter.
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</p>
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<p class=note>
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Although both transfer content encodings specify a limit for the line
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length, the encoding filters do <em>not</em> break text into lines (for
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added flexibility).
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Below is a filter that converts binary data to the Base64 transfer content
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encoding and breaks it into lines of the correct size.
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</p>
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<pre class=example>
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base64 = ltn12.filter.chain(
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mime.encode("base64"),
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mime.wrap("base64")
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)
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</pre>
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<p class=note>
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Note: Text data <em>has</em> to be converted to canonic form
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<em>before</em> being encoded.
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</p>
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<pre class=example>
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base64 = ltn12.filter.chain(
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mime.normalize(),
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mime.encode("base64"),
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mime.wrap("base64")
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)
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</pre>
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<!-- wrap +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="wrap">
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mime.<b>wrap(</b>"text" [, length]<b>)</b><br>
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mime.<b>wrap(</b>"base64"<b>)</b><br>
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mime.<b>wrap(</b>"quoted-printable"<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Returns a filter that breaks data into lines.
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</p>
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<p class=parameters>
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The "<tt>text</tt>" line-wrap filter simply breaks text into lines by
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inserting CRLF end-of-line markers at appropriate positions.
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<tt>Length</tt> defaults 76.
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The "<tt>base64</tt>" line-wrap filter works just like the default
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"<tt>text</tt>" line-wrap filter with default length.
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The function can also wrap "<tt>quoted-printable</tt>" lines, taking care
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not to break lines in the middle of an escaped character. In that case, the
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line length is fixed at 76.
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</p>
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<p class=return>
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The function returns the created filter.
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</p>
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<p class=note>
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For example, to create an encoding filter for the Quoted-Printable transfer content encoding of text data, do the following:
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</p>
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<pre class=example>
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qp = ltn12.filter.chain(
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mime.normalize(),
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mime.encode("quoted-printable"),
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mime.wrap("quoted-printable")
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)
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</pre>
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<p class=note>
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Note: To break into lines with a different end-of-line convention, apply
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a normalization filter after the line break filter.
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</p>
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<!-- Low-level ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<h3 id=low>Low-level filters</h3>
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<!-- b64 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="b64">
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A, B = mime.<b>b64(</b>C [, D]<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Low-level filter to perform Base64 encoding.
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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<tt>A</tt> is the encoded version of the largest prefix of
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<tt>C..D</tt>
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that can be encoded unambiguously. <tt>B</tt> has the remaining bytes of
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<tt>C..D</tt>, <em>before</em> encoding.
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If <tt>D</tt> is <tt><b>nil</b></tt>, <tt>A</tt> is padded with
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the encoding of the remaining bytes of <tt>C</tt>.
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</p>
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<p class=note>
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Note: The simplest use of this function is to encode a string into it's
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Base64 transfer content encoding. Notice the extra parenthesis around the
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call to <tt>mime.b64</tt>, to discard the second return value.
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</p>
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<pre class=example>
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print((mime.b64("diego:password")))
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--> ZGllZ286cGFzc3dvcmQ=
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</pre>
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<!-- eol ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="eol">
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A, B = mime.<b>eol(</b>C [, D, marker]<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Low-level filter to perform end-of-line marker translation.
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For each chunk, the function needs to know if the last character of the
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previous chunk could be part of an end-of-line marker or not. This is the
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context the function receives besides the chunk. An updated version of
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the context is returned after each new chunk.
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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<tt>A</tt> is the translated version of <tt>D</tt>. <tt>C</tt> is the
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ASCII value of the last character of the previous chunk, if it was a
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candidate for line break, or 0 otherwise.
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<tt>B</tt> is the same as <tt>C</tt>, but for the current
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chunk. If <tt>D</tt> is <tt><b>nil</b></tt>, <tt>A</tt> includes a
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new end-of-line marker, depending on <tt>C</tt>.
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<tt>Marker</tt> gives the new end-of-line marker and defaults to CRLF.
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</p>
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<pre class=example>
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-- translates the end-of-line marker to UNIX
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unix = mime.eol(0, dos, "\n")
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</pre>
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<!-- qp ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="qp">
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A, B = mime.<b>qp(</b>C [, D, marker]<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Low-level filter to perform Quoted-Printable encoding.
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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<tt>A</tt> is the encoded version of the largest prefix of
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<tt>C..D</tt>
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that can be encoded unambiguously. <tt>B</tt> has the remaining bytes of
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<tt>C..D</tt>, <em>before</em> encoding.
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If <tt>D</tt> is <tt><b>nil</b></tt>, <tt>A</tt> is padded with
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the encoding of the remaining bytes of <tt>C</tt>.
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Throughout encoding, occurences of CRLF are replaced by the
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<tt>marker</tt>, which itself defaults to CRLF.
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</p>
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<p class=note>
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Note: The simplest use of this function is to encode a string into it's
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Quoted-Printable transfer content encoding.
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Notice the extra parenthesis around the call to <tt>mime.qp</tt>, to discard the second return value.
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</p>
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<pre class=example>
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print((mime.qp("ma<6D><61>")))
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--> ma=E7=E3=
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</pre>
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<!-- qpwrp ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="qpwrp">
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A, m = mime.<b>qpwrp(</b>n [, B, length]<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Low-level filter to break Quoted-Printable text into lines.
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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<tt>A</tt> is a copy of <tt>B</tt>, broken into lines of at most
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<tt>length</tt> bytes (defaults to 76).
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'<tt>n</tt>' should tell how many bytes are left for the first
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line of <tt>B</tt> and '<tt>m</tt>' returns the number of bytes
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left in the last line of <tt>A</tt>.
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</p>
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<p class=note>
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Note: Besides breaking text into lines, this function makes sure the line
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breaks don't fall in the middle of an escaped character combination. Also,
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this function only breaks lines that are bigger than <tt>length</tt> bytes.
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</p>
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<!-- unb64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="unb64">
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A, B = mime.<b>unb64(</b>C [, D]<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Low-level filter to perform Base64 decoding.
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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<tt>A</tt> is the decoded version of the largest prefix of
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<tt>C..D</tt>
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that can be decoded unambiguously. <tt>B</tt> has the remaining bytes of
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<tt>C..D</tt>, <em>before</em> decoding.
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If <tt>D</tt> is <tt><b>nil</b></tt>, <tt>A</tt> is the empty string
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and <tt>B</tt> returns whatever couldn't be decoded.
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</p>
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<p class=note>
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Note: The simplest use of this function is to decode a string from it's
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Base64 transfer content encoding.
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Notice the extra parenthesis around the call to <tt>mime.unqp</tt>, to discard the second return value.
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</p>
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<pre class=example>
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print((mime.unb64("ZGllZ286cGFzc3dvcmQ=")))
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--> diego:password
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</pre>
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<!-- unqp +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="unqp">
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A, B = mime.<b>unqp(</b>C [, D]<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Low-level filter to remove the Quoted-Printable transfer content encoding
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from data.
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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<tt>A</tt> is the decoded version of the largest prefix of
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<tt>C..D</tt>
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that can be decoded unambiguously. <tt>B</tt> has the remaining bytes of
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<tt>C..D</tt>, <em>before</em> decoding.
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If <tt>D</tt> is <tt><b>nil</b></tt>, <tt>A</tt> is augmented with
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the encoding of the remaining bytes of <tt>C</tt>.
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</p>
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<p class=note>
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Note: The simplest use of this function is to decode a string from it's
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Quoted-Printable transfer content encoding.
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Notice the extra parenthesis around the call to <tt>mime.unqp</tt>, to discard the second return value.
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</p>
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<pre class=example>
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print((mime.qp("ma=E7=E3=")))
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--> ma<6D><61>
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</pre>
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<!-- wrp ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<p class=name id="wrp">
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A, m = mime.<b>wrp(</b>n [, B, length]<b>)</b>
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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Low-level filter to break text into lines with CRLF marker.
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Text is assumed to be in the <a href=#normalize><tt>normalize</tt></a> form.
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</p>
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<p class=description>
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<tt>A</tt> is a copy of <tt>B</tt>, broken into lines of at most
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<tt>length</tt> bytes (defaults to 76).
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'<tt>n</tt>' should tell how many bytes are left for the first
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line of <tt>B</tt> and '<tt>m</tt>' returns the number of bytes
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left in the last line of <tt>A</tt>.
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</p>
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<p class=note>
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Note: This function only breaks lines that are bigger than
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<tt>length</tt> bytes. The resulting line length does not include the CRLF
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marker.
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</p>
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<!-- footer +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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<div class=footer>
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<hr>
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<center>
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||
<p class=bar>
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<a href="home.html">home</a> ·
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||
<a href="home.html#down">download</a> ·
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||
<a href="introduction.html">introduction</a> ·
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||
<a href="reference.html">reference</a>
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||
</p>
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<p>
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<small>
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Last modified by Diego Nehab on <br>
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Sat Aug 9 01:00:41 PDT 2003
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</small>
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</p>
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</center>
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</div>
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||
</body>
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</html>
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