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Reformat container doc
- split the doc into sections for simple and extended format and move example layouts to the end. - use ASCII tables to describe chunk formats - attempt to consistently use MUST/SHOULD, etc. - remove bold from most terms, but add them to definition lists which allow for the styling to be changed. Change-Id: I93c1cd33bde9ccf0b265b202ec4182ce98fd6b48
This commit is contained in:
James Zern
parent
85b6ff6897
commit
e9a7d145e7
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ end of this file.
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WebP Container Specification
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============================
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_Working Draft, v0.1, 20111004_
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_Working Draft, v0.2, 20120207_
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* TOC placeholder
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@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ WebP is a still image format that uses the VP8 key frame encoding, and
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possibly other encodings in the future, to compress image data in a
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lossy way. The VP8 encoding should make it more efficient than currently
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used formats. It is optimized for fast image transfer over the network
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(e.g., for websites). However, it also aims for feature parity (like
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Color Profile, XMP Metadata, Animation, etc.) with other formats. This
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(e.g., for websites). However, it also aims for feature parity
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(color profile, XMP metadata, animation, etc.) with other formats. This
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document describes the structure of a WebP file.
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The first version of WebP handled only the basic use case: a file
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@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ Files not using these new features are backward compatible with the
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original format. Use of these features will produce files that are not
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compatible with older programs.
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The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
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"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
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document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119][].
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Terminology & Basics
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------------------------
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@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ Terminology & Basics
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A WebP file contains either a still image (i.e., an encoded matrix of
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pixels) or an animation (see below), with possibly a color profile,
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metadata, etc. In case we need to refer only to the matrix of pixels,
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we will call it the **_canvas_** of the image.
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we will call it the _canvas_ of the image.
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The canvas of an image is built from one or multiple tiles. Each tile
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is a separately encoded VP8 key frame (other encodings are possible in
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@ -74,42 +78,69 @@ of the file: they are not supposed to be exposed to the user.
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Below are additional terms used throughout this document:
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Code that reads WebP files is referred to as a **_reader_**, while
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code that writes them is referred to as a **_writer_**.
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Code that reads WebP files is referred to as a _reader_, while
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code that writes them is referred to as a _writer_.
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A 16-bit, little-endian, unsigned integer will be denoted as
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**_uint16_**.
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_uint16_
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A 32-bit, little-endian, unsigned integer will be denoted as
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**_uint32_**.
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: A 16-bit, little-endian, unsigned integer.
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The basic element of a RIFF file is a **_chunk_**. It consists of:
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_uint32_
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* 4 ASCII characters that will be called the **_chunk tag_**.
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: A 32-bit, little-endian, unsigned integer.
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* uint32 with the size of the chunk content (that will be denoted as
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**_ckSize_**).
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The basic element of a RIFF file is a _chunk_. It consists of:
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* _ckSize_ bytes of content.
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0 1 2 3
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| Chunk FourCC |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| Chunk Size |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| Chunk Payload |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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* If _ckSize_ is odd, a single padding byte that **SHOULD** be `0`.
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Chunk FourCC: 32 bits
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A chunk with a tag "ABCD" will be also called a **_chunk of type_**
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"ABCD". Note that, in this specification, all chunk tag characters are
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in file order, not in byte order of a uint32 of any particular
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: ASCII four character code or _chunk tag_ used for chunk identification.
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Chunk Size: 32 bits (_uint32_)
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: The size of the chunk (_ckSize_) not including this field, the chunk
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identifier and padding.
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Chunk Payload: _Chunk Size_ bytes
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: The data payload. If _Chunk Size_ is odd a single padding byte that
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SHOULD be `0` is added.
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_ChunkHeader('ABCD')_
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: This is used to describe the fourcc and size header of individual
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chunks, where 'ABCD' is the fourcc for the chunk. This element's
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size is 8 bytes.
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_chunk of type_
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: A chunk with a tag "ABCD".
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: Note that, in this specification, all chunk tag characters are in
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file order, not in byte order of a uint32 of any particular
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architecture.
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Note that the padding **MUST** be added to the last chunk of the file.
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_list of chunks_
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A **_list of chunks_** is a concatenation of multiple chunks. We will
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refer to the first chunk as having _position_ 0, the second as position
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1, etc. By _chunk with index 0 among "ABCD"_ we mean the first chunk
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among the chunks of type "ABCD" in the list, the _chunk with index 1
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among "ABCD"_ is the second such chunk, etc.
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: A concatenation of multiple chunks.
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A WebP file **MUST** begin with a single chunk with a tag "RIFF". All
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other defined chunks are contained within this chunk. The file **SHOULD
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NOT** contain anything after it.
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: We will refer to the first chunk as having _position_ 0, the second
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as position 1, etc. By _chunk with index 0 among "ABCD"_ we mean
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the first chunk among the chunks of type "ABCD" in the list, the
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_chunk with index 1 among "ABCD"_ is the second such chunk, etc.
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A WebP file MUST begin with a single chunk with a tag 'RIFF'. All
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other defined chunks are contained within this chunk. The file SHOULD
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NOT contain anything after it.
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The maximum size of RIFF's _ckSize_ is 2^32 minus 10 bytes. The size
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of the whole file is at most 4GiB minus 2 bytes.
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@ -118,115 +149,115 @@ of the whole file is at most 4GiB minus 2 bytes.
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larger than 1GiB or 2GiB. If you are using an existing library, check
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that it handles large files correctly.
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The first four bytes of the RIFF chunk contents (i.e., bytes 8-11 of the
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file) **MUST** be the ASCII string "WEBP". They are followed by a list
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of chunks. Note that as the size of any chunk is even, the size of the
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RIFF chunk is also even.
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The contents of the chunks in that list will be described in the
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following sections.
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The first four bytes of the RIFF chunk contents (i.e., bytes 8-11 of the file)
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MUST be the ASCII string "WEBP". They are followed by a list of chunks. As the
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size of any chunk is even, the size of the RIFF chunk is also even. The
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contents of the chunks in that list will be described in the following sections.
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**Note:** RIFF has a convention that all-uppercase chunks are standard
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chunks that apply to any RIFF file format, while chunks specific to a
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file format are all-lowercase. WebP doesn't follow this convention.
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file format are all lowercase. WebP does not follow this convention.
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Single-image WebP Files
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-----------------------
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WebP file header
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----------------
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First, we will describe a subset of WebP files: files containing only
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one image. Later, we will define multi-image files, which contain
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several images.
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0 1 2 3
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| 'R' | 'I' | 'F' | 'F' |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| File Size |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| 'W' | 'E' | 'B' | 'P' |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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'RIFF': 32 bits
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### Chunks Layout
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: The ASCII characters 'R' 'I' 'F' 'F'.
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This section describes which chunks may appear in a single-image WebP
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file, and their order. The contents of these chunks will be described
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in subsequent sections.
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File Size: 32 bits (_uint32_)
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The first chunk inside the RIFF chunk **MUST** have a tag of "VP8 "
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(note that the fourth character is a space, and is significant) or
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"VP8X". Other tags for the first chunk **MAY** be introduced by future
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specifications if new encodings are added. This tag of the first chunk
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determines which of the two possible layouts is used.
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: The size of the file in bytes starting at offset 8.
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**Rationale:** We fix the possible tags of the first chunk so that it
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is possible to introduce other codecs, to keep the "WEBP" signature at
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the beginning of the RIFF chunk while still being able to check the
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codec used by the image by inspecting the byte stream at a fixed
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position.
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'WEBP': 32 bits
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The two possible layouts will be called _images without special layout_
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and _images with special layout_.
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: The ASCII characters 'W' 'E' 'B' 'P'.
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Simple file format
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------------------
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Simple WebP file header:
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#### Images Without Special Layout
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0 1 2 3
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| WebP file header (12 bytes) |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| ChunkHeader('VP8 ') |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| VP8 data |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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If the first subchunk of RIFF has the tag "VP8 ", the file contains an
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_image without special layout_.
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VP8 data: _Chunk Size_ bytes
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This layout **SHOULD** be used if the image doesn't require advanced
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: VP8 bitstream data.
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The content of a 'VP8 ' chunk (note the last character is a space) MUST be one
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VP8 key frame (with optional padding).
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The current [VP8 Data Format and Decoding Guide][vp8spec] can be found
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at the IETF website, <http://www.ietf.org/>.
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The VP8 specification describes how to decode the image into Y'CbCr
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format. To convert to RGB, Rec. 601 SHOULD be used.
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This layout SHOULD be used if the image does not require advanced
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features: color profiles, XMP metadata, animation or tiling. Files with
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this layout are smaller and supported by older software.
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Such images consist of:
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Extended file format
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--------------------
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* A "VP8 " chunk with the bitstream of the single tile.
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**Note:** Older readers may not support files using the extended format.
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**Example:** An example layout of such a file is as follows:
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An extended format file consists of:
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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RIFF/WEBP
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+- VP8 (bitstream of the single tile of the image)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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* A 'VP8X' chunk with information about features used in the file.
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* An optional 'ICCP' chunk with color profile.
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#### Images With Special Layout
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If the first subchunk of RIFF has the tag "VP8X", the file contains an
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_image with special layout_.
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**Note:** Older readers may not support images with special layout.
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Such an image consists of:
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* A "VP8X" chunk with information about features used in the file.
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* An optional "ICCP" chunk with color profile.
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* An optional "LOOP" chunk with animation control data.
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* An optional 'LOOP' chunk with animation control data.
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* Data for all the frames.
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* An optional "META" chunk with XMP metadata.
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* An optional 'META' chunk with XMP metadata.
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* Some other chunk types may be defined by future specifications and
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placed anywhere in the file.
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As will be described in the "VP8X" chunk description, by checking a
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As will be described in the 'VP8X' chunk description, by checking a
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flag one can distinguish animated and non-animated images. A
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non-animated image has exactly one frame. An animated one may have
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multiple frames. Data for each frame consists of:
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* An optional "FRM " (fourth character is a significant space) chunk
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with animation frame metadata. It **MUST** be present in animated
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images at the beginning of data for that frame. It **MUST NOT** be
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* An optional 'FRM ' (fourth character is a significant space) chunk
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with animation frame metadata. It MUST be present in animated
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images at the beginning of data for that frame. It MUST NOT be
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present in non-animated images.
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* An optional "TILE" chunk with tile position metadata. It **MUST** be
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* An optional 'TILE' chunk with tile position metadata. It MUST be
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present at the beginning of data for an image that's represented as
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multiple tile images.
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* An optional "ALPH" chunk with alpha bitstream of the tile. It **MUST** be
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present for an image containing transparency. It **MUST NOT** be present
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* An optional 'ALPH' chunk with alpha bitstream of the tile. It MUST be
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present for an image containing transparency. It MUST NOT be present
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in non-transparent images.
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* A "VP8 " chunk with the bitstream of the tile.
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* A 'VP8 ' chunk with the bitstream of the tile.
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All chunks **MUST** be placed in the same order as listed above (except
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for unknown chunks, which **MAY** appear anywhere). If a chunk appears
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in the wrong place, the file is invalid, but readers **MAY** parse the
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All chunks SHOULD be placed in the same order as listed above (except
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for unknown chunks, which MAY appear anywhere). If a chunk appears
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in the wrong place, the file is invalid, but readers MAY parse the
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file, ignoring the chunks that come too late.
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**Rationale:** Setting the order of chunks should allow quicker file
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@ -235,49 +266,303 @@ position, a decoder can choose to stop searching for it. The rule of
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ignoring late chunks should make programs that need to do a full search
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give the same results as the ones stopping early.
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**Example:** An example layout of a non-animated, tiled image without
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transparency may look as follows:
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Extended WebP file header:
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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RIFF/WEBP
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+- VP8X (descriptions of features used)
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+- ICCP (color profile)
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+- TILE (First tile parameters)
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+- VP8 (bitstream - first tile)
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+- TILE (Second tile parameters)
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+- VP8 (bitstream - second tile)
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+- TILE (third tile parameters)
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+- VP8 (bitstream - third tile)
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+- TILE (fourth tile parameters)
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+- VP8 (bitstream - fourth tile)
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+- META (XMP metadata)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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0 1 2 3
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| WebP file header (12 bytes) |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| ChunkHeader('VP8X') |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| Rsrv |M|I|A|T| Reserved |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| Canvas Width |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| Canvas Height |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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**Example:** An example layout of an animated image with transparency may look
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as follows:
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Tiling (T): 1 bit
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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RIFF/WEBP
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+- VP8X (descriptions of features used)
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+- LOOP (animation control parameters)
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+- FRM (first animation frame parameters)
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+- ALPH (alpha bitstream - first image frame)
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+- VP8 (bitstream - first image frame)
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+- FRM (second animation frame parameters)
|
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+- ALPH (alpha bitstream - second image frame)
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+- VP8 (bitstream - second image frame)
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+- META (XMP metadata)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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: Set if the image is represented by tiles.
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|
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Animation (A): 1 bit
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: Set if the file is an animation. Data in 'LOOP' and 'FRM ' chunks
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should be used to control the animation.
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|
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ICC profile (I): 1 bit
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||||
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: Set if the file contains an 'ICCP' chunk.
|
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|
||||
Metadata (M): 1 bit
|
||||
|
||||
: Set if the file contains a 'META' chunk.
|
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|
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Reserved (Rsrv): 4 bits
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|
||||
: SHOULD be `0`.
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|
||||
Reserved: 16 bits
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||||
|
||||
: SHOULD be `0`.
|
||||
|
||||
Canvas Width: 32 bits
|
||||
|
||||
: Width of the canvas in pixels.
|
||||
|
||||
Canvas Height: 32 bits
|
||||
|
||||
: Height of the canvas in pixels.
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|
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Future specifications MAY add more fields. If a chunk of larger size is found,
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programs MUST ignore the extra bytes but SHOULD preserve them when modifying
|
||||
the file.
|
||||
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### Chunks
|
||||
|
||||
#### Animation
|
||||
|
||||
Loop Chunk:
|
||||
|
||||
0 1 2 3
|
||||
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| ChunkHeader('LOOP') |
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||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| Loop Count |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
|
||||
Loop Count: 16 bits (_uint16_)
|
||||
|
||||
: The number of times to loop the animation. `0` means infinitely.
|
||||
|
||||
For images that are animations, this chunk contains the global
|
||||
parameters of the animation.
|
||||
|
||||
This chunk MUST appear if the _Animation_ flag in chunk VP8X is set.
|
||||
If the _Animation_ flag is not set and this chunk is present, it
|
||||
SHOULD be ignored.
|
||||
|
||||
Per-frame parameters of the animation:
|
||||
|
||||
0 1 2 3
|
||||
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| ChunkHeader('FRM ') |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| Frame X |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| Frame Y |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| Frame Width |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| Frame Height |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| Frame Duration |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
|
||||
Frame X: 32 bits (_uint32_)
|
||||
|
||||
: The X coordinate of the upper left corner of the frame.
|
||||
|
||||
Frame Y: 32 bits (_uint32_)
|
||||
|
||||
: The Y coordinate of the upper left corner of the frame.
|
||||
|
||||
Frame Width: 32 bits (_uint32_)
|
||||
|
||||
: The width of the frame.
|
||||
|
||||
Frame Height: 32 bits (_uint32_)
|
||||
|
||||
: The height of the frame.
|
||||
|
||||
Frame Duration: 16 bits (_uint16_)
|
||||
|
||||
: Time to wait before displaying the next tile, in 1 millisecond units.
|
||||
|
||||
Notes for frames containing VP8 data:
|
||||
|
||||
* _Frame X_ and _Frame Y_ values MUST be divisible by `32`.
|
||||
|
||||
**Rationale:** This ensures that pixels on U and V planes are aligned to a
|
||||
16-byte boundary (even after a rotation), which may help with vector
|
||||
instructions on some architectures. This also makes the tiles align to
|
||||
16-pixel macroblock boundaries.
|
||||
|
||||
* _Frame Width_ MUST be divisible by `16` or
|
||||
`Frame X + Frame Width == Canvas Width` MUST be true.
|
||||
|
||||
* _Frame Height_ MUST be divisible by `16` or
|
||||
`Frame Y + Frame Height == Canvas Height` MUST be true.
|
||||
|
||||
**Rationale:** The width and height constraints simplify the handling of
|
||||
macroblocks that are on the edge of a tile. VP8 decoders can overwrite
|
||||
pixels outside the boundary in such a macroblock, and this guarantees they
|
||||
won't overwrite any data.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Tiling
|
||||
|
||||
0 1 2 3
|
||||
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| ChunkHeader('TILE') |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| Tile Canvas X |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| Tile Canvas Y |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| Tile Data |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
|
||||
Tile Canvas X: 32 bits (_uint32_)
|
||||
|
||||
: X coordinate of the upper left corner of the tile.
|
||||
|
||||
Tile Canvas Y: 32 bits (_uint32_)
|
||||
|
||||
: Y coordinate of the upper left corner of the tile.
|
||||
|
||||
Tile Data: _Chunk Size_ - `8` bytes
|
||||
|
||||
: VP8 data.
|
||||
|
||||
This chunk contains information about a single tile and describes the
|
||||
bitstream chunk that follows it.
|
||||
|
||||
Notes for tiles containing VP8 data:
|
||||
|
||||
* _Tile Canvas X_ and _Tile Canvas Y_ values MUST be
|
||||
divisible by `32`.
|
||||
|
||||
* The _Tile Width_ and _Tile Height_ can be extracted from the VP8 data.
|
||||
See 'Section 9' in the [VP8 RFC][vp8spec].
|
||||
|
||||
* The width of a tile MUST be divisible by `16` or
|
||||
`Tile Canvas X + Tile Width == Canvas Width` MUST be true.
|
||||
|
||||
* The height of a tile MUST be divisible by `16` or
|
||||
`Tile Canvas Y + Tile Height == Canvas Height` MUST be true.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### Alpha
|
||||
|
||||
0 1 2 3
|
||||
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| ChunkHeader('ALPH') |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| F | C | Reserved | Alpha Bitstream |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
|
||||
Filtering method (F): 4 bits
|
||||
|
||||
: The filtering method used:
|
||||
|
||||
* `0`: None.
|
||||
* `1`: Horizontal filter.
|
||||
* `2`: Vertical filter.
|
||||
* `3`: Gradient filter.
|
||||
|
||||
Compression method (C): 4 bits
|
||||
|
||||
: The compression method used:
|
||||
|
||||
* `0`: No compression.
|
||||
* `1`: Backward reference counts encoded with arithmetic encoder.
|
||||
|
||||
Reserved: 8 bits
|
||||
|
||||
: SHOULD be `0`.
|
||||
|
||||
Alpha bitstream: _Chunk Size_ - `2` bytes
|
||||
|
||||
: Encoded alpha bitstream.
|
||||
|
||||
This optional chunk contains encoded alpha data for a single tile.
|
||||
Either **ALL or NONE** of the tiles must contain this chunk.
|
||||
|
||||
The alpha channel can be encoded either losslessly or with lossy
|
||||
preprocessing (quantization). After the optional preprocessing, the
|
||||
alpha values are encoded with a lossless compression method like
|
||||
zlib. Work is in progress to improve the compression gain further by
|
||||
exploring alternate compression methods and hence, the bitstream for
|
||||
the Alpha-chunk is still experimental and expected to change.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Color profile
|
||||
|
||||
0 1 2 3
|
||||
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| ChunkHeader('ICCP') |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| Compression | Color Profile |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
|
||||
Compression: 8 bits
|
||||
|
||||
: Compression method used:
|
||||
|
||||
* `0`: None.
|
||||
* `1`: Deflate/inflate.
|
||||
|
||||
Color Profile: _Chunk Size_ - `1` bytes
|
||||
|
||||
: ICC profile.
|
||||
|
||||
There SHOULD be at most one 'ICCP' chunk.
|
||||
See <http://www.color.org> for specifications.
|
||||
|
||||
If this chunk is not present, sRGB SHOULD be assumed.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Metadata
|
||||
|
||||
0 1 2 3
|
||||
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| ChunkHeader('META') |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
| Compression | XMP Metadata |
|
||||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||
|
||||
Compression: 8 bits
|
||||
|
||||
: Compression method used:
|
||||
|
||||
* `0`: None.
|
||||
* `1`: Deflate/inflate.
|
||||
|
||||
XMP Metadata: _Chunk Size_ - `1` bytes
|
||||
|
||||
: XMP metadata.
|
||||
|
||||
There SHOULD be at most one such chunk. If there are more such chunks, readers
|
||||
MAY ignore all except the first one.
|
||||
|
||||
XMP packets are XML text as specified in the [XMP Specification Part
|
||||
1][xmpspec]. The chunk tag is different from the one specified by Adobe
|
||||
for WAV and AVI (also RIFF formats), because we have the option of
|
||||
compression.
|
||||
|
||||
Additional guidance about handling metadata can be found in the
|
||||
Metadata Working Group's [Guidelines for Handling Metadata][metadata].
|
||||
Note that the sections of the document about reconciliation of EXIF,
|
||||
XMP and IPTC-IIM don't apply to WebP. As WebP supports only XMP, no
|
||||
reconciliation is necessary.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Other Chunks
|
||||
|
||||
A file MAY contain other chunks. Readers SHOULD be ignore these chunks. Writers
|
||||
SHOULD preserve them in their original order.
|
||||
|
||||
### Assembling the Canvas from Tiles and Animation
|
||||
|
||||
Contents of the chunks will be described in subsequent sections. Here we
|
||||
provide an overview of how they are used to assemble the canvas. The
|
||||
notation _VP8X.canvasWidth_ means the field in the "VP8X"
|
||||
described as _canvasWidth_.
|
||||
Here we provide an overview of how 'TILE' chunks and 'FRM '/'LOOP' chunks are
|
||||
used to assemble the canvas. The notation _VP8X.field_ means the field in
|
||||
the 'VP8X' chunk with the same description.
|
||||
|
||||
Decoding a non-animated canvas **MUST** be equivalent to the following
|
||||
Decoding a non-animated canvas MUST be equivalent to the following
|
||||
pseudocode:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
@ -301,7 +586,7 @@ for chunk in data_for_all_frames:
|
||||
canvas contains the decoded canvas.
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
Decoding an animated canvas **MUST** be equivalent to the following
|
||||
Decoding an animated canvas MUST be equivalent to the following
|
||||
pseudocode:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
@ -338,253 +623,45 @@ for LOOP.loop = 0, ..., LOOP.loopCount-1
|
||||
canvas contains the decoded canvas.
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
As described earlier, if an assert related to chunk ordering fails, the
|
||||
reader **MAY** ignore the badly-ordered chunks instead of failing to
|
||||
decode the file.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Bitstream Chunks (VP8)
|
||||
|
||||
These chunks contain compressed image data. Currently, the only allowed
|
||||
bitstream is VP8, using "VP8 " (note the significant fourth-character
|
||||
space) as its tag. We will refer to all chunks with this tag as
|
||||
**_bitstream chunks_**. As described earlier, images without special
|
||||
layout have a single bitstream chunk as the first subchunk of RIFF,
|
||||
while images with special layout may contain several of them, one for
|
||||
each tile.
|
||||
|
||||
The content of a "VP8 " chunk **MUST** be one VP8 key frame (with
|
||||
optional padding. See below).
|
||||
|
||||
The current [VP8 Data Format and Decoding Guide][vp8spec] can be found
|
||||
at the IETF website, <http://www.ietf.org/>. Note that the VP8 frame
|
||||
header contains the VP8 frame width and height. That is assumed to be
|
||||
the width and height of the tile.
|
||||
|
||||
The VP8 specification describes how to decode the image into Y'CbCr
|
||||
format. To convert to RGB, Rec. 601 **SHOULD** be used.
|
||||
|
||||
For compatibility with older readers, if the size of the frame is odd,
|
||||
writers **SHOULD** append a padding byte (preferably `0`) inside the
|
||||
chunk contents, making the chunk's _ckSize_ even. Newer readers
|
||||
**MUST** support odd-sized bitstream chunks.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### VP8X Chunk (Special Layout)
|
||||
|
||||
As described earlier, a chunk with tag "VP8X", is the first chunk of
|
||||
images with special layout. It is used to enable advanced features of
|
||||
WebP.
|
||||
|
||||
The content of the chunk is as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
* **uint32** flags. The following bits are currently used (with `0`
|
||||
being the least significant bit):
|
||||
|
||||
* bit 0: _hasTile_: Set if the image is represented by Tiles.
|
||||
|
||||
* bit 1: _hasAnimation_: Set if the file is an animation. Data in
|
||||
"LOOP" and "FRM " chunks should be used to control the animation.
|
||||
|
||||
* bit 2: _hasIccp_: Set if the file contains an "ICCP" chunk with a
|
||||
color profile. If a file contains an "ICCP" chunk but this bit is
|
||||
not set, the error is flagged while constructing the
|
||||
Mux-Container.
|
||||
|
||||
* bit 3: _hasMetadata_: Set if the file contains a "META" chunk
|
||||
with a XMP metadata. If a file contains an "META" chunk but this
|
||||
bit is not set, the error is flagged while constructing the
|
||||
Mux-Container.
|
||||
|
||||
Future specifications **MAY** define other bits in flags. Bits not
|
||||
defined by this specification **MUST** be preserved when modifying the
|
||||
file.
|
||||
|
||||
* **uint32** _canvasWidth_: Width of the canvas in pixels (after the
|
||||
optional rotation or symmetry; see below).
|
||||
|
||||
* **uint32** _canvasHeight_: Height of the canvas in pixels (after
|
||||
the optional rotation or symmetry; see below).
|
||||
|
||||
Future specifications **MAY** add more fields. If a chunk of larger size
|
||||
is found, programs **MUST** ignore the extra bytes but **MUST** preserve
|
||||
them when modifying the file.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### LOOP Chunk (Global Animation Parameters)
|
||||
|
||||
For images that are animations, this chunk contains the global
|
||||
parameters of the animation.
|
||||
|
||||
This chunk **MUST** appear if the _hasAnimation_ flag in chunk VP8X is
|
||||
set. If the _hasAnimation_ flag is not set and this chunk is present,
|
||||
it **MUST** be ignored.
|
||||
|
||||
The content of the chunk is as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
* **uint16** _loopCount_: For animations, the number of times to loop
|
||||
the animation. `0` means infinitely.
|
||||
|
||||
Future specifications **MAY** add more fields. If a chunk of larger
|
||||
size is found, programs **MUST** ignore the extra bytes but **MUST**
|
||||
preserve them when modifying the file.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### FRM Chunk (Per-frame Animation Parameters)
|
||||
|
||||
For images that are animations, these chunks contain the per-frame
|
||||
parameters of the animation.
|
||||
|
||||
The content of the chunk is as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
* **uint32** _frameX_: X coordinate of the upper left corner of the
|
||||
frame. For images using the VP8 codec, this value **MUST** be
|
||||
divisible by `32`. Other codecs **MAY** specify other constraints.
|
||||
Described in more detail later.
|
||||
|
||||
* **uint32** _frameY_: Y coordinate of the upper left corner of the
|
||||
frame. For images using the VP8 codec, this value **MUST** be
|
||||
divisible by `32`. Other codecs **MAY** specify other constraints.
|
||||
Described in more detail later.
|
||||
|
||||
* **uint32** _frameWidth_: Width of the frame. For images using the
|
||||
VP8 codec, this value **MUST** be divisible by `16`, or be such that
|
||||
_frameX + frameWidth == canvasWidth_. Other codecs **MAY** specify
|
||||
other constraints. Described in more detail later.
|
||||
|
||||
* **uint32** _frameHeight_: Height. For images using the VP8 codec,
|
||||
this value **MUST** be divisible by `16`, or be such that _frameY +
|
||||
frameHeight == canvasHeight_. Other codecs **MAY** specify other
|
||||
constraints. Described in more detail later.
|
||||
|
||||
* **uint16** _frameDuration_: Time to wait before displaying the next
|
||||
tile, in 1ms units.
|
||||
|
||||
**Rationale:** The requirement for corner coordinates to be divisible
|
||||
by `32` means that pixels on U and V planes are aligned to a 16-byte
|
||||
boundary (even after a rotation), which may help with vector
|
||||
instructions on some architectures. This makes the tiles also align to
|
||||
16-pixel macroblock boundaries.
|
||||
|
||||
**Rationale:** The requirement for the width and height to be
|
||||
divisible by `16` or touching the edge of the canvas simplifies the
|
||||
handling of macroblocks that are on the edge of a tile. VP8 decoders
|
||||
can overwrite pixels outside the boundary in such a macroblock, and this
|
||||
guarantees they won't overwrite any data.
|
||||
|
||||
Future specifications **MAY** add more fields. If a chunk of larger
|
||||
size is found, programs **MUST** ignore the extra bytes but **MUST**
|
||||
preserve them when modifying the file.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### TILE Chunks (Tile Parameters)
|
||||
|
||||
This chunk contains information about a single tile and describes the
|
||||
bitstream chunk that follows it.
|
||||
|
||||
The contents of such a chunk are as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
* **uint32** _tileCanvasX_: X coordinate of the upper left corner of
|
||||
the tile. For VP8 tiles, this value **MUST** be divisible by `32`.
|
||||
Other codecs **MAY** specify other constraints.
|
||||
|
||||
* **uint32** _tileCanvasY_: Y coordinate of the upper left corner of
|
||||
the tile. For VP8 tiles, this value **MUST** be divisible by `32`.
|
||||
Other codecs **MAY** specify other constraints.
|
||||
|
||||
Future specifications **MAY** add more fields. If a chunk of larger size
|
||||
is found, programs **MUST** ignore the extra bytes but **MUST** preserve
|
||||
them when modifying the file.
|
||||
|
||||
As described earlier, the TILE chunk is followed by VP8 data. From that
|
||||
chunk we can read the height and width of the tile. These we denote as
|
||||
_tileWidth_ and _tileHeight_. In the case of VP8, we have the following
|
||||
constraints:
|
||||
|
||||
* The width of a tile **MUST** be divisible by `16`, or _tileCanvasX +
|
||||
tileWidth == canvasWidth_ **MUST** be true.
|
||||
|
||||
* The height of a tile **MUST** be divisible by `16`, or
|
||||
_tileCanvasY + tileHeight == canvasHeight_ **MUST** be true.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### ALPH Chunks (Alpha Bitstreams)
|
||||
|
||||
This optional chunk contains encoded alpha data for a single tile. Either
|
||||
**ALL or NONE** of the tiles must contain this chunk.
|
||||
|
||||
The alpha channel can be encoded either losslessly or with lossy preprocessing
|
||||
(quantization). After the optional preprocessing, the alpha values are encoded
|
||||
with a lossless compression method like zlib. Work is in progress to improve the
|
||||
compression gain further by exploring alternate compression methods and hence,
|
||||
the bit-stream for the Alpha-chunk is still experimental and expected to change.
|
||||
|
||||
The contents of such a chunk are as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
* Byte 0 lower nibble: The _compression method_ used. Currently two methods
|
||||
are supported:
|
||||
|
||||
* 0 --> No compression
|
||||
|
||||
* 1 --> Backward reference counts encoded with arithmetic encoder.
|
||||
|
||||
* Byte 0 upper nibble: The _filtering method_ used. Currently the following
|
||||
methods are supported:
|
||||
|
||||
* 0 --> No filter
|
||||
|
||||
* 1 --> Horizontal filter
|
||||
|
||||
* 2 --> Vertical filter
|
||||
|
||||
* 3 --> Gradient filter
|
||||
|
||||
* Byte 1: _Reserved_. **Should** be 0.
|
||||
|
||||
* Byte 2 onwards: _Encoded alpha bitstream_.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### ICCP Chunk (Color Profile)
|
||||
|
||||
An optional "ICCP" chunk contains an ICC profile. There **SHOULD** be
|
||||
at most one such chunk. The first byte of the chunk is the compression
|
||||
type. Two values are currently defined: a value of `0` means no
|
||||
compression, while a value of `1` means deflate/inflate compression. It
|
||||
is followed by a compressed or non-compressed ICC profile. See
|
||||
<http://www.color.org> for specifications.
|
||||
|
||||
The color profile can be a v2 or v4 profile. If this chunk is missing,
|
||||
sRGB **SHOULD** be assumed.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### META Chunk (Compressed XMP Metadata)
|
||||
|
||||
Such a chunk (if present) contains XMP metadata. There **SHOULD** be at
|
||||
most one such chunk. If there are more such chunks, readers **SHOULD**
|
||||
ignore all except the first one. The first byte specifies compression
|
||||
type. Two values are currently defined: a value of `0` means no
|
||||
compression, while a value of `1` means deflate/inflate compression. It
|
||||
is followed by a compressed or non-compressed XMP metadata packet.
|
||||
|
||||
XMP packets are XML text as specified in the [XMP Specification Part
|
||||
1][xmpspec]. The chunk tag is different from the one specified by Adobe
|
||||
for WAV and AVI (also RIFF formats), because we have the option of
|
||||
compression.
|
||||
|
||||
Additional guidance about handling metadata can be found in the
|
||||
Metadata Working Group's [Guidelines for Handling Metadata][metadata].
|
||||
Note that the sections of the document about reconciliation of EXIF,
|
||||
XMP and IPTC-IIM don't apply to WebP. As WebP supports only XMP, no
|
||||
reconciliation is necessary.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Other Chunks
|
||||
|
||||
A file **MAY** contain other chunks, defined in some future
|
||||
specification. Such chunks **MUST** be ignored, but preserved. Writers
|
||||
**SHOULD** try to preserve them in their original order.
|
||||
|
||||
As described earlier, if an assert related to chunk ordering fails, the reader
|
||||
MAY ignore the badly-ordered chunks instead of failing to decode the file.
|
||||
|
||||
Example file layouts
|
||||
--------------------
|
||||
|
||||
A non-animated, tiled image without transparency may look as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
RIFF/WEBP
|
||||
+- VP8X (descriptions of features used)
|
||||
+- ICCP (color profile)
|
||||
+- TILE (First tile parameters)
|
||||
+- VP8 (bitstream - first tile)
|
||||
+- TILE (Second tile parameters)
|
||||
+- VP8 (bitstream - second tile)
|
||||
+- TILE (third tile parameters)
|
||||
+- VP8 (bitstream - third tile)
|
||||
+- TILE (fourth tile parameters)
|
||||
+- VP8 (bitstream - fourth tile)
|
||||
+- META (XMP metadata)
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
An animated image with transparency may look as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
RIFF/WEBP
|
||||
+- VP8X (descriptions of features used)
|
||||
+- LOOP (animation control parameters)
|
||||
+- FRM (first animation frame parameters)
|
||||
+- ALPH (alpha bitstream - first image frame)
|
||||
+- VP8 (bitstream - first image frame)
|
||||
+- FRM (second animation frame parameters)
|
||||
+- ALPH (alpha bitstream - second image frame)
|
||||
+- VP8 (bitstream - second image frame)
|
||||
+- META (XMP metadata)
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
[vp8spec]: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6386
|
||||
[xmpspec]: http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSpecificationPart1.pdf
|
||||
[metadata]: http://www.metadataworkinggroup.org/pdf/mwg_guidance.pdf
|
||||
[rfc 2119]: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user