mirror of
https://github.com/webmproject/libwebp.git
synced 2024-12-26 21:58:22 +01:00
Reformat container doc
- split the doc into sections for simple and extended format and move example layouts to the end. - use ASCII tables to describe chunk formats - attempt to consistently use MUST/SHOULD, etc. - remove bold from most terms, but add them to definition lists which allow for the styling to be changed. Change-Id: I93c1cd33bde9ccf0b265b202ec4182ce98fd6b48
This commit is contained in:
James Zern
parent
85b6ff6897
commit
e9a7d145e7
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ end of this file.
|
|||||||
WebP Container Specification
|
WebP Container Specification
|
||||||
============================
|
============================
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
_Working Draft, v0.1, 20111004_
|
_Working Draft, v0.2, 20120207_
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* TOC placeholder
|
* TOC placeholder
|
||||||
@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ WebP is a still image format that uses the VP8 key frame encoding, and
|
|||||||
possibly other encodings in the future, to compress image data in a
|
possibly other encodings in the future, to compress image data in a
|
||||||
lossy way. The VP8 encoding should make it more efficient than currently
|
lossy way. The VP8 encoding should make it more efficient than currently
|
||||||
used formats. It is optimized for fast image transfer over the network
|
used formats. It is optimized for fast image transfer over the network
|
||||||
(e.g., for websites). However, it also aims for feature parity (like
|
(e.g., for websites). However, it also aims for feature parity
|
||||||
Color Profile, XMP Metadata, Animation, etc.) with other formats. This
|
(color profile, XMP metadata, animation, etc.) with other formats. This
|
||||||
document describes the structure of a WebP file.
|
document describes the structure of a WebP file.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The first version of WebP handled only the basic use case: a file
|
The first version of WebP handled only the basic use case: a file
|
||||||
containing a single image (being one VP8 key frame), with no metadata.
|
containing a single image (being one VP8 key frame), with no metadata.
|
||||||
The use of a RIFF container permits additional feature support. This
|
The use of a RIFF container permits additional feature support. This
|
||||||
document describes additional support for:
|
document describes additional support for:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* **Metadata and color profiles.** We specify chunks that can contain
|
* **Metadata and color profiles.** We specify chunks that can contain
|
||||||
@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ Files not using these new features are backward compatible with the
|
|||||||
original format. Use of these features will produce files that are not
|
original format. Use of these features will produce files that are not
|
||||||
compatible with older programs.
|
compatible with older programs.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
|
||||||
|
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
|
||||||
|
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119][].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Terminology & Basics
|
Terminology & Basics
|
||||||
------------------------
|
------------------------
|
||||||
@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ Terminology & Basics
|
|||||||
A WebP file contains either a still image (i.e., an encoded matrix of
|
A WebP file contains either a still image (i.e., an encoded matrix of
|
||||||
pixels) or an animation (see below), with possibly a color profile,
|
pixels) or an animation (see below), with possibly a color profile,
|
||||||
metadata, etc. In case we need to refer only to the matrix of pixels,
|
metadata, etc. In case we need to refer only to the matrix of pixels,
|
||||||
we will call it the **_canvas_** of the image.
|
we will call it the _canvas_ of the image.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The canvas of an image is built from one or multiple tiles. Each tile
|
The canvas of an image is built from one or multiple tiles. Each tile
|
||||||
is a separately encoded VP8 key frame (other encodings are possible in
|
is a separately encoded VP8 key frame (other encodings are possible in
|
||||||
@ -74,210 +78,491 @@ of the file: they are not supposed to be exposed to the user.
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
Below are additional terms used throughout this document:
|
Below are additional terms used throughout this document:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Code that reads WebP files is referred to as a **_reader_**, while
|
Code that reads WebP files is referred to as a _reader_, while
|
||||||
code that writes them is referred to as a **_writer_**.
|
code that writes them is referred to as a _writer_.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A 16-bit, little-endian, unsigned integer will be denoted as
|
_uint16_
|
||||||
**_uint16_**.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A 32-bit, little-endian, unsigned integer will be denoted as
|
: A 16-bit, little-endian, unsigned integer.
|
||||||
**_uint32_**.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The basic element of a RIFF file is a **_chunk_**. It consists of:
|
_uint32_
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* 4 ASCII characters that will be called the **_chunk tag_**.
|
: A 32-bit, little-endian, unsigned integer.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* uint32 with the size of the chunk content (that will be denoted as
|
The basic element of a RIFF file is a _chunk_. It consists of:
|
||||||
**_ckSize_**).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* _ckSize_ bytes of content.
|
0 1 2 3
|
||||||
|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| Chunk FourCC |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| Chunk Size |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| Chunk Payload |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* If _ckSize_ is odd, a single padding byte that **SHOULD** be `0`.
|
Chunk FourCC: 32 bits
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A chunk with a tag "ABCD" will be also called a **_chunk of type_**
|
: ASCII four character code or _chunk tag_ used for chunk identification.
|
||||||
"ABCD". Note that, in this specification, all chunk tag characters are
|
|
||||||
in file order, not in byte order of a uint32 of any particular
|
|
||||||
architecture.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Note that the padding **MUST** be added to the last chunk of the file.
|
Chunk Size: 32 bits (_uint32_)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A **_list of chunks_** is a concatenation of multiple chunks. We will
|
: The size of the chunk (_ckSize_) not including this field, the chunk
|
||||||
refer to the first chunk as having _position_ 0, the second as position
|
identifier and padding.
|
||||||
1, etc. By _chunk with index 0 among "ABCD"_ we mean the first chunk
|
|
||||||
among the chunks of type "ABCD" in the list, the _chunk with index 1
|
|
||||||
among "ABCD"_ is the second such chunk, etc.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A WebP file **MUST** begin with a single chunk with a tag "RIFF". All
|
Chunk Payload: _Chunk Size_ bytes
|
||||||
other defined chunks are contained within this chunk. The file **SHOULD
|
|
||||||
NOT** contain anything after it.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The maximum size of RIFF's _ckSize_ is 2^32 minus 10 bytes. The size
|
: The data payload. If _Chunk Size_ is odd a single padding byte that
|
||||||
|
SHOULD be `0` is added.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
_ChunkHeader('ABCD')_
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: This is used to describe the fourcc and size header of individual
|
||||||
|
chunks, where 'ABCD' is the fourcc for the chunk. This element's
|
||||||
|
size is 8 bytes.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
_chunk of type_
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: A chunk with a tag "ABCD".
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: Note that, in this specification, all chunk tag characters are in
|
||||||
|
file order, not in byte order of a uint32 of any particular
|
||||||
|
architecture.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
_list of chunks_
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: A concatenation of multiple chunks.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: We will refer to the first chunk as having _position_ 0, the second
|
||||||
|
as position 1, etc. By _chunk with index 0 among "ABCD"_ we mean
|
||||||
|
the first chunk among the chunks of type "ABCD" in the list, the
|
||||||
|
_chunk with index 1 among "ABCD"_ is the second such chunk, etc.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A WebP file MUST begin with a single chunk with a tag 'RIFF'. All
|
||||||
|
other defined chunks are contained within this chunk. The file SHOULD
|
||||||
|
NOT contain anything after it.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The maximum size of RIFF's _ckSize_ is 2^32 minus 10 bytes. The size
|
||||||
of the whole file is at most 4GiB minus 2 bytes.
|
of the whole file is at most 4GiB minus 2 bytes.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Note:** some RIFF libraries are said to have bugs when handling files
|
**Note:** some RIFF libraries are said to have bugs when handling files
|
||||||
larger than 1GiB or 2GiB. If you are using an existing library, check
|
larger than 1GiB or 2GiB. If you are using an existing library, check
|
||||||
that it handles large files correctly.
|
that it handles large files correctly.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The first four bytes of the RIFF chunk contents (i.e., bytes 8-11 of the
|
The first four bytes of the RIFF chunk contents (i.e., bytes 8-11 of the file)
|
||||||
file) **MUST** be the ASCII string "WEBP". They are followed by a list
|
MUST be the ASCII string "WEBP". They are followed by a list of chunks. As the
|
||||||
of chunks. Note that as the size of any chunk is even, the size of the
|
size of any chunk is even, the size of the RIFF chunk is also even. The
|
||||||
RIFF chunk is also even.
|
contents of the chunks in that list will be described in the following sections.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The contents of the chunks in that list will be described in the
|
|
||||||
following sections.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Note:** RIFF has a convention that all-uppercase chunks are standard
|
**Note:** RIFF has a convention that all-uppercase chunks are standard
|
||||||
chunks that apply to any RIFF file format, while chunks specific to a
|
chunks that apply to any RIFF file format, while chunks specific to a
|
||||||
file format are all-lowercase. WebP doesn't follow this convention.
|
file format are all lowercase. WebP does not follow this convention.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Single-image WebP Files
|
WebP file header
|
||||||
-----------------------
|
----------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
First, we will describe a subset of WebP files: files containing only
|
0 1 2 3
|
||||||
one image. Later, we will define multi-image files, which contain
|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||||
several images.
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| 'R' | 'I' | 'F' | 'F' |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| File Size |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| 'W' | 'E' | 'B' | 'P' |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
'RIFF': 32 bits
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Chunks Layout
|
: The ASCII characters 'R' 'I' 'F' 'F'.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This section describes which chunks may appear in a single-image WebP
|
File Size: 32 bits (_uint32_)
|
||||||
file, and their order. The contents of these chunks will be described
|
|
||||||
in subsequent sections.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The first chunk inside the RIFF chunk **MUST** have a tag of "VP8 "
|
: The size of the file in bytes starting at offset 8.
|
||||||
(note that the fourth character is a space, and is significant) or
|
|
||||||
"VP8X". Other tags for the first chunk **MAY** be introduced by future
|
|
||||||
specifications if new encodings are added. This tag of the first chunk
|
|
||||||
determines which of the two possible layouts is used.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Rationale:** We fix the possible tags of the first chunk so that it
|
'WEBP': 32 bits
|
||||||
is possible to introduce other codecs, to keep the "WEBP" signature at
|
|
||||||
the beginning of the RIFF chunk while still being able to check the
|
|
||||||
codec used by the image by inspecting the byte stream at a fixed
|
|
||||||
position.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The two possible layouts will be called _images without special layout_
|
: The ASCII characters 'W' 'E' 'B' 'P'.
|
||||||
and _images with special layout_.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Simple file format
|
||||||
|
------------------
|
||||||
|
Simple WebP file header:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Images Without Special Layout
|
0 1 2 3
|
||||||
|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| WebP file header (12 bytes) |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| ChunkHeader('VP8 ') |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| VP8 data |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If the first subchunk of RIFF has the tag "VP8 ", the file contains an
|
VP8 data: _Chunk Size_ bytes
|
||||||
_image without special layout_.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This layout **SHOULD** be used if the image doesn't require advanced
|
: VP8 bitstream data.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The content of a 'VP8 ' chunk (note the last character is a space) MUST be one
|
||||||
|
VP8 key frame (with optional padding).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The current [VP8 Data Format and Decoding Guide][vp8spec] can be found
|
||||||
|
at the IETF website, <http://www.ietf.org/>.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The VP8 specification describes how to decode the image into Y'CbCr
|
||||||
|
format. To convert to RGB, Rec. 601 SHOULD be used.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This layout SHOULD be used if the image does not require advanced
|
||||||
features: color profiles, XMP metadata, animation or tiling. Files with
|
features: color profiles, XMP metadata, animation or tiling. Files with
|
||||||
this layout are smaller and supported by older software.
|
this layout are smaller and supported by older software.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Such images consist of:
|
Extended file format
|
||||||
|
--------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* A "VP8 " chunk with the bitstream of the single tile.
|
**Note:** Older readers may not support files using the extended format.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Example:** An example layout of such a file is as follows:
|
An extended format file consists of:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
* A 'VP8X' chunk with information about features used in the file.
|
||||||
RIFF/WEBP
|
|
||||||
+- VP8 (bitstream of the single tile of the image)
|
|
||||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* An optional 'ICCP' chunk with color profile.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Images With Special Layout
|
* An optional 'LOOP' chunk with animation control data.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If the first subchunk of RIFF has the tag "VP8X", the file contains an
|
|
||||||
_image with special layout_.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Note:** Older readers may not support images with special layout.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Such an image consists of:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* A "VP8X" chunk with information about features used in the file.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* An optional "ICCP" chunk with color profile.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* An optional "LOOP" chunk with animation control data.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* Data for all the frames.
|
* Data for all the frames.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* An optional "META" chunk with XMP metadata.
|
* An optional 'META' chunk with XMP metadata.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* Some other chunk types may be defined by future specifications and
|
* Some other chunk types may be defined by future specifications and
|
||||||
placed anywhere in the file.
|
placed anywhere in the file.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As will be described in the "VP8X" chunk description, by checking a
|
As will be described in the 'VP8X' chunk description, by checking a
|
||||||
flag one can distinguish animated and non-animated images. A
|
flag one can distinguish animated and non-animated images. A
|
||||||
non-animated image has exactly one frame. An animated one may have
|
non-animated image has exactly one frame. An animated one may have
|
||||||
multiple frames. Data for each frame consists of:
|
multiple frames. Data for each frame consists of:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* An optional "FRM " (fourth character is a significant space) chunk
|
* An optional 'FRM ' (fourth character is a significant space) chunk
|
||||||
with animation frame metadata. It **MUST** be present in animated
|
with animation frame metadata. It MUST be present in animated
|
||||||
images at the beginning of data for that frame. It **MUST NOT** be
|
images at the beginning of data for that frame. It MUST NOT be
|
||||||
present in non-animated images.
|
present in non-animated images.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* An optional "TILE" chunk with tile position metadata. It **MUST** be
|
* An optional 'TILE' chunk with tile position metadata. It MUST be
|
||||||
present at the beginning of data for an image that's represented as
|
present at the beginning of data for an image that's represented as
|
||||||
multiple tile images.
|
multiple tile images.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* An optional "ALPH" chunk with alpha bitstream of the tile. It **MUST** be
|
* An optional 'ALPH' chunk with alpha bitstream of the tile. It MUST be
|
||||||
present for an image containing transparency. It **MUST NOT** be present
|
present for an image containing transparency. It MUST NOT be present
|
||||||
in non-transparent images.
|
in non-transparent images.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* A "VP8 " chunk with the bitstream of the tile.
|
* A 'VP8 ' chunk with the bitstream of the tile.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
All chunks **MUST** be placed in the same order as listed above (except
|
All chunks SHOULD be placed in the same order as listed above (except
|
||||||
for unknown chunks, which **MAY** appear anywhere). If a chunk appears
|
for unknown chunks, which MAY appear anywhere). If a chunk appears
|
||||||
in the wrong place, the file is invalid, but readers **MAY** parse the
|
in the wrong place, the file is invalid, but readers MAY parse the
|
||||||
file, ignoring the chunks that come too late.
|
file, ignoring the chunks that come too late.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Rationale:** Setting the order of chunks should allow quicker file
|
**Rationale:** Setting the order of chunks should allow quicker file
|
||||||
parsing. For example, if an ICCP chunk does not appear in its required
|
parsing. For example, if an ICCP chunk does not appear in its required
|
||||||
position, a decoder can choose to stop searching for it. The rule of
|
position, a decoder can choose to stop searching for it. The rule of
|
||||||
ignoring late chunks should make programs that need to do a full search
|
ignoring late chunks should make programs that need to do a full search
|
||||||
give the same results as the ones stopping early.
|
give the same results as the ones stopping early.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Example:** An example layout of a non-animated, tiled image without
|
Extended WebP file header:
|
||||||
transparency may look as follows:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
0 1 2 3
|
||||||
RIFF/WEBP
|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||||
+- VP8X (descriptions of features used)
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
+- ICCP (color profile)
|
| WebP file header (12 bytes) |
|
||||||
+- TILE (First tile parameters)
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
+- VP8 (bitstream - first tile)
|
| ChunkHeader('VP8X') |
|
||||||
+- TILE (Second tile parameters)
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
+- VP8 (bitstream - second tile)
|
| Rsrv |M|I|A|T| Reserved |
|
||||||
+- TILE (third tile parameters)
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
+- VP8 (bitstream - third tile)
|
| Canvas Width |
|
||||||
+- TILE (fourth tile parameters)
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
+- VP8 (bitstream - fourth tile)
|
| Canvas Height |
|
||||||
+- META (XMP metadata)
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Example:** An example layout of an animated image with transparency may look
|
Tiling (T): 1 bit
|
||||||
as follows:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
: Set if the image is represented by tiles.
|
||||||
RIFF/WEBP
|
|
||||||
+- VP8X (descriptions of features used)
|
|
||||||
+- LOOP (animation control parameters)
|
|
||||||
+- FRM (first animation frame parameters)
|
|
||||||
+- ALPH (alpha bitstream - first image frame)
|
|
||||||
+- VP8 (bitstream - first image frame)
|
|
||||||
+- FRM (second animation frame parameters)
|
|
||||||
+- ALPH (alpha bitstream - second image frame)
|
|
||||||
+- VP8 (bitstream - second image frame)
|
|
||||||
+- META (XMP metadata)
|
|
||||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Animation (A): 1 bit
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: Set if the file is an animation. Data in 'LOOP' and 'FRM ' chunks
|
||||||
|
should be used to control the animation.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
ICC profile (I): 1 bit
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: Set if the file contains an 'ICCP' chunk.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Metadata (M): 1 bit
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: Set if the file contains a 'META' chunk.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Reserved (Rsrv): 4 bits
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: SHOULD be `0`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Reserved: 16 bits
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: SHOULD be `0`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Canvas Width: 32 bits
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: Width of the canvas in pixels.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Canvas Height: 32 bits
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: Height of the canvas in pixels.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Future specifications MAY add more fields. If a chunk of larger size is found,
|
||||||
|
programs MUST ignore the extra bytes but SHOULD preserve them when modifying
|
||||||
|
the file.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Chunks
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Animation
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Loop Chunk:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
0 1 2 3
|
||||||
|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| ChunkHeader('LOOP') |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| Loop Count |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Loop Count: 16 bits (_uint16_)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: The number of times to loop the animation. `0` means infinitely.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
For images that are animations, this chunk contains the global
|
||||||
|
parameters of the animation.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This chunk MUST appear if the _Animation_ flag in chunk VP8X is set.
|
||||||
|
If the _Animation_ flag is not set and this chunk is present, it
|
||||||
|
SHOULD be ignored.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Per-frame parameters of the animation:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
0 1 2 3
|
||||||
|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| ChunkHeader('FRM ') |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| Frame X |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| Frame Y |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| Frame Width |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| Frame Height |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| Frame Duration |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Frame X: 32 bits (_uint32_)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: The X coordinate of the upper left corner of the frame.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Frame Y: 32 bits (_uint32_)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: The Y coordinate of the upper left corner of the frame.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Frame Width: 32 bits (_uint32_)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: The width of the frame.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Frame Height: 32 bits (_uint32_)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: The height of the frame.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Frame Duration: 16 bits (_uint16_)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: Time to wait before displaying the next tile, in 1 millisecond units.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Notes for frames containing VP8 data:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* _Frame X_ and _Frame Y_ values MUST be divisible by `32`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Rationale:** This ensures that pixels on U and V planes are aligned to a
|
||||||
|
16-byte boundary (even after a rotation), which may help with vector
|
||||||
|
instructions on some architectures. This also makes the tiles align to
|
||||||
|
16-pixel macroblock boundaries.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* _Frame Width_ MUST be divisible by `16` or
|
||||||
|
`Frame X + Frame Width == Canvas Width` MUST be true.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* _Frame Height_ MUST be divisible by `16` or
|
||||||
|
`Frame Y + Frame Height == Canvas Height` MUST be true.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Rationale:** The width and height constraints simplify the handling of
|
||||||
|
macroblocks that are on the edge of a tile. VP8 decoders can overwrite
|
||||||
|
pixels outside the boundary in such a macroblock, and this guarantees they
|
||||||
|
won't overwrite any data.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Tiling
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
0 1 2 3
|
||||||
|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| ChunkHeader('TILE') |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| Tile Canvas X |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| Tile Canvas Y |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| Tile Data |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Tile Canvas X: 32 bits (_uint32_)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: X coordinate of the upper left corner of the tile.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Tile Canvas Y: 32 bits (_uint32_)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: Y coordinate of the upper left corner of the tile.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Tile Data: _Chunk Size_ - `8` bytes
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: VP8 data.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This chunk contains information about a single tile and describes the
|
||||||
|
bitstream chunk that follows it.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Notes for tiles containing VP8 data:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* _Tile Canvas X_ and _Tile Canvas Y_ values MUST be
|
||||||
|
divisible by `32`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* The _Tile Width_ and _Tile Height_ can be extracted from the VP8 data.
|
||||||
|
See 'Section 9' in the [VP8 RFC][vp8spec].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* The width of a tile MUST be divisible by `16` or
|
||||||
|
`Tile Canvas X + Tile Width == Canvas Width` MUST be true.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* The height of a tile MUST be divisible by `16` or
|
||||||
|
`Tile Canvas Y + Tile Height == Canvas Height` MUST be true.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Alpha
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
0 1 2 3
|
||||||
|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| ChunkHeader('ALPH') |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| F | C | Reserved | Alpha Bitstream |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Filtering method (F): 4 bits
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: The filtering method used:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* `0`: None.
|
||||||
|
* `1`: Horizontal filter.
|
||||||
|
* `2`: Vertical filter.
|
||||||
|
* `3`: Gradient filter.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Compression method (C): 4 bits
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: The compression method used:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* `0`: No compression.
|
||||||
|
* `1`: Backward reference counts encoded with arithmetic encoder.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Reserved: 8 bits
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: SHOULD be `0`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Alpha bitstream: _Chunk Size_ - `2` bytes
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: Encoded alpha bitstream.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This optional chunk contains encoded alpha data for a single tile.
|
||||||
|
Either **ALL or NONE** of the tiles must contain this chunk.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The alpha channel can be encoded either losslessly or with lossy
|
||||||
|
preprocessing (quantization). After the optional preprocessing, the
|
||||||
|
alpha values are encoded with a lossless compression method like
|
||||||
|
zlib. Work is in progress to improve the compression gain further by
|
||||||
|
exploring alternate compression methods and hence, the bitstream for
|
||||||
|
the Alpha-chunk is still experimental and expected to change.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Color profile
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
0 1 2 3
|
||||||
|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| ChunkHeader('ICCP') |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| Compression | Color Profile |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Compression: 8 bits
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: Compression method used:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* `0`: None.
|
||||||
|
* `1`: Deflate/inflate.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Color Profile: _Chunk Size_ - `1` bytes
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: ICC profile.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
There SHOULD be at most one 'ICCP' chunk.
|
||||||
|
See <http://www.color.org> for specifications.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If this chunk is not present, sRGB SHOULD be assumed.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Metadata
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
0 1 2 3
|
||||||
|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| ChunkHeader('META') |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
| Compression | XMP Metadata |
|
||||||
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Compression: 8 bits
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: Compression method used:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* `0`: None.
|
||||||
|
* `1`: Deflate/inflate.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
XMP Metadata: _Chunk Size_ - `1` bytes
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
: XMP metadata.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
There SHOULD be at most one such chunk. If there are more such chunks, readers
|
||||||
|
MAY ignore all except the first one.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
XMP packets are XML text as specified in the [XMP Specification Part
|
||||||
|
1][xmpspec]. The chunk tag is different from the one specified by Adobe
|
||||||
|
for WAV and AVI (also RIFF formats), because we have the option of
|
||||||
|
compression.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Additional guidance about handling metadata can be found in the
|
||||||
|
Metadata Working Group's [Guidelines for Handling Metadata][metadata].
|
||||||
|
Note that the sections of the document about reconciliation of EXIF,
|
||||||
|
XMP and IPTC-IIM don't apply to WebP. As WebP supports only XMP, no
|
||||||
|
reconciliation is necessary.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Other Chunks
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A file MAY contain other chunks. Readers SHOULD be ignore these chunks. Writers
|
||||||
|
SHOULD preserve them in their original order.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Assembling the Canvas from Tiles and Animation
|
### Assembling the Canvas from Tiles and Animation
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Contents of the chunks will be described in subsequent sections. Here we
|
Here we provide an overview of how 'TILE' chunks and 'FRM '/'LOOP' chunks are
|
||||||
provide an overview of how they are used to assemble the canvas. The
|
used to assemble the canvas. The notation _VP8X.field_ means the field in
|
||||||
notation _VP8X.canvasWidth_ means the field in the "VP8X"
|
the 'VP8X' chunk with the same description.
|
||||||
described as _canvasWidth_.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Decoding a non-animated canvas **MUST** be equivalent to the following
|
Decoding a non-animated canvas MUST be equivalent to the following
|
||||||
pseudocode:
|
pseudocode:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||||
@ -301,7 +586,7 @@ for chunk in data_for_all_frames:
|
|||||||
canvas contains the decoded canvas.
|
canvas contains the decoded canvas.
|
||||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Decoding an animated canvas **MUST** be equivalent to the following
|
Decoding an animated canvas MUST be equivalent to the following
|
||||||
pseudocode:
|
pseudocode:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||||
@ -338,253 +623,45 @@ for LOOP.loop = 0, ..., LOOP.loopCount-1
|
|||||||
canvas contains the decoded canvas.
|
canvas contains the decoded canvas.
|
||||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As described earlier, if an assert related to chunk ordering fails, the
|
As described earlier, if an assert related to chunk ordering fails, the reader
|
||||||
reader **MAY** ignore the badly-ordered chunks instead of failing to
|
MAY ignore the badly-ordered chunks instead of failing to decode the file.
|
||||||
decode the file.
|
|
||||||
|
Example file layouts
|
||||||
|
--------------------
|
||||||
### Bitstream Chunks (VP8)
|
|
||||||
|
A non-animated, tiled image without transparency may look as follows:
|
||||||
These chunks contain compressed image data. Currently, the only allowed
|
|
||||||
bitstream is VP8, using "VP8 " (note the significant fourth-character
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||||
space) as its tag. We will refer to all chunks with this tag as
|
RIFF/WEBP
|
||||||
**_bitstream chunks_**. As described earlier, images without special
|
+- VP8X (descriptions of features used)
|
||||||
layout have a single bitstream chunk as the first subchunk of RIFF,
|
+- ICCP (color profile)
|
||||||
while images with special layout may contain several of them, one for
|
+- TILE (First tile parameters)
|
||||||
each tile.
|
+- VP8 (bitstream - first tile)
|
||||||
|
+- TILE (Second tile parameters)
|
||||||
The content of a "VP8 " chunk **MUST** be one VP8 key frame (with
|
+- VP8 (bitstream - second tile)
|
||||||
optional padding. See below).
|
+- TILE (third tile parameters)
|
||||||
|
+- VP8 (bitstream - third tile)
|
||||||
The current [VP8 Data Format and Decoding Guide][vp8spec] can be found
|
+- TILE (fourth tile parameters)
|
||||||
at the IETF website, <http://www.ietf.org/>. Note that the VP8 frame
|
+- VP8 (bitstream - fourth tile)
|
||||||
header contains the VP8 frame width and height. That is assumed to be
|
+- META (XMP metadata)
|
||||||
the width and height of the tile.
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The VP8 specification describes how to decode the image into Y'CbCr
|
An animated image with transparency may look as follows:
|
||||||
format. To convert to RGB, Rec. 601 **SHOULD** be used.
|
|
||||||
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||||
For compatibility with older readers, if the size of the frame is odd,
|
RIFF/WEBP
|
||||||
writers **SHOULD** append a padding byte (preferably `0`) inside the
|
+- VP8X (descriptions of features used)
|
||||||
chunk contents, making the chunk's _ckSize_ even. Newer readers
|
+- LOOP (animation control parameters)
|
||||||
**MUST** support odd-sized bitstream chunks.
|
+- FRM (first animation frame parameters)
|
||||||
|
+- ALPH (alpha bitstream - first image frame)
|
||||||
|
+- VP8 (bitstream - first image frame)
|
||||||
### VP8X Chunk (Special Layout)
|
+- FRM (second animation frame parameters)
|
||||||
|
+- ALPH (alpha bitstream - second image frame)
|
||||||
As described earlier, a chunk with tag "VP8X", is the first chunk of
|
+- VP8 (bitstream - second image frame)
|
||||||
images with special layout. It is used to enable advanced features of
|
+- META (XMP metadata)
|
||||||
WebP.
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The content of the chunk is as follows:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* **uint32** flags. The following bits are currently used (with `0`
|
|
||||||
being the least significant bit):
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* bit 0: _hasTile_: Set if the image is represented by Tiles.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* bit 1: _hasAnimation_: Set if the file is an animation. Data in
|
|
||||||
"LOOP" and "FRM " chunks should be used to control the animation.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* bit 2: _hasIccp_: Set if the file contains an "ICCP" chunk with a
|
|
||||||
color profile. If a file contains an "ICCP" chunk but this bit is
|
|
||||||
not set, the error is flagged while constructing the
|
|
||||||
Mux-Container.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* bit 3: _hasMetadata_: Set if the file contains a "META" chunk
|
|
||||||
with a XMP metadata. If a file contains an "META" chunk but this
|
|
||||||
bit is not set, the error is flagged while constructing the
|
|
||||||
Mux-Container.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Future specifications **MAY** define other bits in flags. Bits not
|
|
||||||
defined by this specification **MUST** be preserved when modifying the
|
|
||||||
file.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* **uint32** _canvasWidth_: Width of the canvas in pixels (after the
|
|
||||||
optional rotation or symmetry; see below).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* **uint32** _canvasHeight_: Height of the canvas in pixels (after
|
|
||||||
the optional rotation or symmetry; see below).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Future specifications **MAY** add more fields. If a chunk of larger size
|
|
||||||
is found, programs **MUST** ignore the extra bytes but **MUST** preserve
|
|
||||||
them when modifying the file.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### LOOP Chunk (Global Animation Parameters)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For images that are animations, this chunk contains the global
|
|
||||||
parameters of the animation.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This chunk **MUST** appear if the _hasAnimation_ flag in chunk VP8X is
|
|
||||||
set. If the _hasAnimation_ flag is not set and this chunk is present,
|
|
||||||
it **MUST** be ignored.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The content of the chunk is as follows:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* **uint16** _loopCount_: For animations, the number of times to loop
|
|
||||||
the animation. `0` means infinitely.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Future specifications **MAY** add more fields. If a chunk of larger
|
|
||||||
size is found, programs **MUST** ignore the extra bytes but **MUST**
|
|
||||||
preserve them when modifying the file.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### FRM Chunk (Per-frame Animation Parameters)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
For images that are animations, these chunks contain the per-frame
|
|
||||||
parameters of the animation.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The content of the chunk is as follows:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* **uint32** _frameX_: X coordinate of the upper left corner of the
|
|
||||||
frame. For images using the VP8 codec, this value **MUST** be
|
|
||||||
divisible by `32`. Other codecs **MAY** specify other constraints.
|
|
||||||
Described in more detail later.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* **uint32** _frameY_: Y coordinate of the upper left corner of the
|
|
||||||
frame. For images using the VP8 codec, this value **MUST** be
|
|
||||||
divisible by `32`. Other codecs **MAY** specify other constraints.
|
|
||||||
Described in more detail later.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* **uint32** _frameWidth_: Width of the frame. For images using the
|
|
||||||
VP8 codec, this value **MUST** be divisible by `16`, or be such that
|
|
||||||
_frameX + frameWidth == canvasWidth_. Other codecs **MAY** specify
|
|
||||||
other constraints. Described in more detail later.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* **uint32** _frameHeight_: Height. For images using the VP8 codec,
|
|
||||||
this value **MUST** be divisible by `16`, or be such that _frameY +
|
|
||||||
frameHeight == canvasHeight_. Other codecs **MAY** specify other
|
|
||||||
constraints. Described in more detail later.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* **uint16** _frameDuration_: Time to wait before displaying the next
|
|
||||||
tile, in 1ms units.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Rationale:** The requirement for corner coordinates to be divisible
|
|
||||||
by `32` means that pixels on U and V planes are aligned to a 16-byte
|
|
||||||
boundary (even after a rotation), which may help with vector
|
|
||||||
instructions on some architectures. This makes the tiles also align to
|
|
||||||
16-pixel macroblock boundaries.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
**Rationale:** The requirement for the width and height to be
|
|
||||||
divisible by `16` or touching the edge of the canvas simplifies the
|
|
||||||
handling of macroblocks that are on the edge of a tile. VP8 decoders
|
|
||||||
can overwrite pixels outside the boundary in such a macroblock, and this
|
|
||||||
guarantees they won't overwrite any data.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Future specifications **MAY** add more fields. If a chunk of larger
|
|
||||||
size is found, programs **MUST** ignore the extra bytes but **MUST**
|
|
||||||
preserve them when modifying the file.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### TILE Chunks (Tile Parameters)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This chunk contains information about a single tile and describes the
|
|
||||||
bitstream chunk that follows it.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The contents of such a chunk are as follows:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* **uint32** _tileCanvasX_: X coordinate of the upper left corner of
|
|
||||||
the tile. For VP8 tiles, this value **MUST** be divisible by `32`.
|
|
||||||
Other codecs **MAY** specify other constraints.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* **uint32** _tileCanvasY_: Y coordinate of the upper left corner of
|
|
||||||
the tile. For VP8 tiles, this value **MUST** be divisible by `32`.
|
|
||||||
Other codecs **MAY** specify other constraints.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Future specifications **MAY** add more fields. If a chunk of larger size
|
|
||||||
is found, programs **MUST** ignore the extra bytes but **MUST** preserve
|
|
||||||
them when modifying the file.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
As described earlier, the TILE chunk is followed by VP8 data. From that
|
|
||||||
chunk we can read the height and width of the tile. These we denote as
|
|
||||||
_tileWidth_ and _tileHeight_. In the case of VP8, we have the following
|
|
||||||
constraints:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* The width of a tile **MUST** be divisible by `16`, or _tileCanvasX +
|
|
||||||
tileWidth == canvasWidth_ **MUST** be true.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* The height of a tile **MUST** be divisible by `16`, or
|
|
||||||
_tileCanvasY + tileHeight == canvasHeight_ **MUST** be true.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### ALPH Chunks (Alpha Bitstreams)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
This optional chunk contains encoded alpha data for a single tile. Either
|
|
||||||
**ALL or NONE** of the tiles must contain this chunk.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The alpha channel can be encoded either losslessly or with lossy preprocessing
|
|
||||||
(quantization). After the optional preprocessing, the alpha values are encoded
|
|
||||||
with a lossless compression method like zlib. Work is in progress to improve the
|
|
||||||
compression gain further by exploring alternate compression methods and hence,
|
|
||||||
the bit-stream for the Alpha-chunk is still experimental and expected to change.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The contents of such a chunk are as follows:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* Byte 0 lower nibble: The _compression method_ used. Currently two methods
|
|
||||||
are supported:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* 0 --> No compression
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* 1 --> Backward reference counts encoded with arithmetic encoder.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* Byte 0 upper nibble: The _filtering method_ used. Currently the following
|
|
||||||
methods are supported:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* 0 --> No filter
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* 1 --> Horizontal filter
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* 2 --> Vertical filter
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* 3 --> Gradient filter
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* Byte 1: _Reserved_. **Should** be 0.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
* Byte 2 onwards: _Encoded alpha bitstream_.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### ICCP Chunk (Color Profile)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
An optional "ICCP" chunk contains an ICC profile. There **SHOULD** be
|
|
||||||
at most one such chunk. The first byte of the chunk is the compression
|
|
||||||
type. Two values are currently defined: a value of `0` means no
|
|
||||||
compression, while a value of `1` means deflate/inflate compression. It
|
|
||||||
is followed by a compressed or non-compressed ICC profile. See
|
|
||||||
<http://www.color.org> for specifications.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The color profile can be a v2 or v4 profile. If this chunk is missing,
|
|
||||||
sRGB **SHOULD** be assumed.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### META Chunk (Compressed XMP Metadata)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Such a chunk (if present) contains XMP metadata. There **SHOULD** be at
|
|
||||||
most one such chunk. If there are more such chunks, readers **SHOULD**
|
|
||||||
ignore all except the first one. The first byte specifies compression
|
|
||||||
type. Two values are currently defined: a value of `0` means no
|
|
||||||
compression, while a value of `1` means deflate/inflate compression. It
|
|
||||||
is followed by a compressed or non-compressed XMP metadata packet.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
XMP packets are XML text as specified in the [XMP Specification Part
|
|
||||||
1][xmpspec]. The chunk tag is different from the one specified by Adobe
|
|
||||||
for WAV and AVI (also RIFF formats), because we have the option of
|
|
||||||
compression.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Additional guidance about handling metadata can be found in the
|
|
||||||
Metadata Working Group's [Guidelines for Handling Metadata][metadata].
|
|
||||||
Note that the sections of the document about reconciliation of EXIF,
|
|
||||||
XMP and IPTC-IIM don't apply to WebP. As WebP supports only XMP, no
|
|
||||||
reconciliation is necessary.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Other Chunks
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
A file **MAY** contain other chunks, defined in some future
|
|
||||||
specification. Such chunks **MUST** be ignored, but preserved. Writers
|
|
||||||
**SHOULD** try to preserve them in their original order.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[vp8spec]: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6386
|
[vp8spec]: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6386
|
||||||
[xmpspec]: http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSpecificationPart1.pdf
|
[xmpspec]: http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/xmp/pdfs/XMPSpecificationPart1.pdf
|
||||||
[metadata]: http://www.metadataworkinggroup.org/pdf/mwg_guidance.pdf
|
[metadata]: http://www.metadataworkinggroup.org/pdf/mwg_guidance.pdf
|
||||||
|
[rfc 2119]: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user